Mixture vs Compound: Milana aur Judna Ek Baat Nahi
Loha aur sulfur ko bas milao toh mixture, garam karke jodo toh compound. Farq kaise pehchaanein? 🧲🔥
🧭 Is Post Mein
📖 Kahani: Magnet ne Pakda, Phir Kyun Chhod Diya?
Science period mein teacher ne Golu ko ek dish di jisme bhoore-kaale loha ke choore (iron filings) aur peela sulfur powder mila hua tha. Golu ne magnet ghumaya toh loha ka choora chipak gaya aur peela sulfur dish mein reh gaya. “Wah! Dono alag ho gaye!”
Phir teacher ne thoda sa mixture ek test tube mein le kar burner par garam kiya. Kuch der mein tube ke andar laal chamak phail gayi aur thanda hone par ek kaala, thos tukda bacha.
Priya ne us tukde ke paas magnet laaya. Kuch nahi chipka! “Ma’am, loha toh isme bhi hai na? Phir magnet ne kyun nahi pakda?”
Rohan bola: “Shayad loha gayab ho gaya!” Teacher muskurayin: “Loha gayab nahi hua, Rohan. Pehle loha aur sulfur sirf mile hue the, yaani mixture. Garam karne par woh chemically jud gaye aur ek naya padarth bana, iron sulfide, jo ek compound hai. Naye padarth ke gun bhi naye hain.”
Toh aaj hum jaanenge: mixture aur compound mein asli farq kya hai, aur kisi bhi padarth ko dekh kar kaise pehchaanein ki woh kya hai. 🔍
🎯 Is Post Mein Kya Seekhenge
- Mixture (mishran) aur compound (yaugik) ki paribhasha, ek saath, aamne-saamne
- Paanch kasautiyan: banne ka tareeka, anupaat, gun, alag karne ka tareeka, aur garmi/roshni ka lena-dena
- Loha + sulfur wali NCERT activity: mixture aur compound ka farq apni aankhon se
- Homogeneous mixture (jaise namak ka ghol) compound jaisa dikhta hai, phir bhi compound kyun nahi
- Kisi bhi padarth ko element, compound ya mixture mein baantne ka aasaan tareeka
🧱 Basics: Pehle Yeh Aana Chahiye
1. Mixture: do ya zyada padarth jo bina chemical jod ke bas mile hote hain, jaise nimbu paani, hawa. (Post 1: Mixture Kya Hai?)
2. Homogeneous aur heterogeneous: poore mein ek jaisa dikhne wala mixture homogeneous (namak ka ghol); alag-alag hisse dikhne wala heterogeneous (daal-chawal). (Post 2: Mixtures ke Prakar)
3. Compound: do ya zyada alag elements ka tay anupaat mein chemical jod, jisse naya padarth banta hai, jaise paani (H₂O). (Post 5: Compounds)
4. Physical vs chemical badlaav: physical badlaav mein padarth wahi rehta hai (barf pighalna); chemical badlaav mein naya padarth ban jaata hai (keel par jung lagna).
💡 Concept: Mixture aur Compound Mein Farq Kaise Karein?
1️⃣ Ek line mein dono
Compound: elements chemically jude hue hain. Ek bilkul nayi pehchaan wala padarth bana hai.
Socho: thali mein daal aur chawal (mixture) bas saath rakhe hain, chun kar alag kar sakte ho. Par paani mein hydrogen aur oxygen aise jude hain ki unhe chun kar alag karna mumkin hi nahi.
2️⃣ Kasauti 1: Banta kaise hai?
- Mixture: bas milane se ban jaata hai. Koi naya padarth nahi banta, yeh physical badlaav hai.
- Compound: chemical reaction se banta hai. Loha aur sulfur ko sirf milaane se iron sulfide nahi banta; garam karna padta hai, tab woh jud-te hain.
3️⃣ Kasauti 2: Anupaat (ratio) fixed hai ya nahi?
- Mixture: anupaat kuch bhi ho sakta hai. Dish mein loha zyada daalo ya sulfur, mixture hi rahega. Chai mein cheeni 1 chammach ho ya 2, chai hi kehlayegi.
- Compound: anupaat hamesha fixed. Iron sulfide (FeS) mein hamesha 1 loha atom : 1 sulfur atom. Wazan se dekho toh hamesha lagbhag 7 : 4 (jaise 7 g loha ke saath 4 g sulfur).
Kyun? Compound mein atom ek tay tareeke se jud kar molecule ya pattern banate hain. Mixture mein koi jod hi nahi, toh tay anupaat ki zaroorat bhi nahi.
4️⃣ Kasauti 3: Gun kiske jaise?
- Mixture: har hissa apne gun rakhta hai. Mixture mein loha ab bhi magnet se chipakta hai, sulfur ab bhi peela hai.
- Compound: gun naye hote hain. Iron sulfide kaala hai, magnet se nahi chipakta. Na loha jaisa, na sulfur jaisa.
5️⃣ Kasauti 4: Alag kaise karein?
- Mixture: physical tareekon se: magnet, chhaanna, ubaal kar bhaap banana (evaporation), haath se chunna, nithaarna.
- Compound: physical tareeke kaam nahi karte. Sirf chemical tareeke se toot-ta hai, jaise paani ka electrolysis.
6️⃣ Kasauti 5: Garmi ya roshni ka lena-dena
- Mixture banate waqt: aam taur par koi khaas garmi ya roshni nahi nikalti, na lagti.
- Compound banate waqt: aksar garmi ya roshni nikalti ya lagti hai. Loha-sulfur ko thoda garam karke shuru karo toh reaction khud garmi deta hai aur tube mein laal chamak dikhti hai.
7️⃣ Bonus kasauti: Ubalne/pighalne ka tapmaan
Pure padarth (compound) ka ubalne aur pighalne ka tapmaan fixed hota hai: saaf paani samudra tal par 100 °C par ubalta hai. Mixture ka fixed nahi: namak wala paani 100 °C se thoda upar ubalta hai, aur jitna namak, utna farq.
Toh kahani ka jawab: dish wala padarth mixture tha (magnet ne loha alag kar diya). Test tube ka kaala tukda compound (iron sulfide) hai, isliye magnet bekaar raha.
🖼️ Diagrams: Picture se Samjho
🔐 Deep Concept: Dikhne mein Ek Jaisa, Andar se Alag
1. Homogeneous mixture compound jaisa dikhta hai. Namak ka ghol, cheeni ka sharbat, hawa: in sab mein koi alag hissa nazar nahi aata, bilkul compound ki tarah. Toh pehchaanein kaise?
- Anupaat badal kar dekho: ghol mein namak thoda aur daalo, phir bhi woh namak ka ghol hi rahega. Compound mein aisa ho hi nahi sakta.
- Physical tareeke se alag karke dekho: ghol ko ubaalo, paani bhaap ban kar udega aur namak bach jaayega. Compound (jaise paani) ko ubaalne se sirf bhaap banti hai, woh toot-ta nahi.
- Gun dekho: ghol namkeen hai (namak ka gun) aur geela hai (paani ka gun). Dono ke gun bache hain, matlab mixture.
2. Wahi elements, kabhi mixture, kabhi compound. Hydrogen aur oxygen gas ko ek gubbare mein bhar do: yeh mixture hai (anupaat kuch bhi, dono ke gun bache). Inhe chemical reaction se jodo toh paani banta hai, jo compound hai. Isi tarah loha + sulfur: mila diya toh mixture, garam karke joda toh iron sulfide.
3. Wazan ka hisaab (fixed ratio ka sabse bada saboot). Iron sulfide (FeS) mein loha aur sulfur ka wazan anupaat lagbhag 7 : 4 hai. Agar 10 g loha aur 4 g sulfur ko garam karo, toh 4 g sulfur sirf 7 g loha se judega, 11 g iron sulfide banega, aur 3 g loha bacha rahega. Yeh bacha loha magnet se nikal sakta hai! Mixture mein aisa koi “bacha hua” nahi hota, kyunki wahan koi tay anupaat hai hi nahi.
Isi liye compound ke liye kehte hain “fixed composition” aur mixture ke liye “variable composition”.
✏️ Examples: Mixture ya Compound?
| Padarth | Kya hai? | Kyun? |
|---|---|---|
| Hawa | Mixture | Nitrogen, oxygen, CO₂ aadi gases bina jod ke mili hain; jagah ke hisaab se anupaat badalta hai |
| Paani (H₂O) | Compound | Hydrogen aur oxygen 2 : 1 atom anupaat mein jude hain |
| Namak ka ghol | Mixture (homogeneous) | Ubaal kar namak wapas mil jaata hai |
| Namak (NaCl) | Compound | Sodium aur chlorine 1 : 1 mein jude; gun bilkul naye |
| Peetal (brass) | Mixture (alloy) | Tamba aur zinc pighla kar milaye jaate hain; anupaat badal sakta hai |
| Iron sulfide (FeS) | Compound | Loha aur sulfur garmi se chemically jude |
| Doodh | Mixture | Paani, fat, protein, cheeni (lactose) aadi mile hain |
| Carbon dioxide (CO₂) | Compound | Carbon aur oxygen 1 : 2 mein jude |
| Mitti | Mixture (heterogeneous) | Ret, chikni mitti, kankad, sade patte; alag hisse dikhte hain |
| Cheeni | Compound | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ka tay jod (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) |
⚖️ Difference Table: Mixture vs Compound
| Baat | Mixture | Compound |
|---|---|---|
| Kaise banta hai | Sirf milane se (physical) | Chemical reaction se |
| Anupaat | Kuch bhi, badal sakta hai | Hamesha fixed |
| Gun | Har hissa apne gun rakhta hai | Bilkul naye gun |
| Alag karna | Physical tareeke: magnet, chhaanna, evaporation, chunna | Sirf chemical tareeke: electrolysis, tez garmi |
| Garmi/roshni | Aam taur par koi khaas lena-dena nahi | Aksar nikalti ya lagti hai |
| Ubalne/pighalne ka tapmaan | Fixed nahi | Fixed |
| Formula | Koi ek formula nahi | Tay formula: H₂O, NaCl, FeS |
| Pure substance? | Nahi | Haan |
| Examples | Hawa, doodh, peetal, namak ka ghol | Paani, namak, CO₂, iron sulfide |
Element, compound, mixture: teeno ek saath
| Baat | Element | Compound | Mixture |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kitne tarah ke kan | Ek tarah ke atom | Ek tarah ke molecule (alag atom jude) | Do ya zyada tarah ke |
| Pure? | Haan | Haan | Nahi |
| Todna/alag karna | Aur saral nahi hota | Chemical tareeke se | Physical tareeke se |
🚫 Misconceptions: Log aisa sochte hain… lekin
✅ Nahi. Namak ka ghol aur hawa ek jaise dikhte hain, phir bhi mixture hain. Pehchaan dikhawat se nahi, jod se hoti hai.
✅ Kitna bhi milao, woh mixture hi rahega. Jodne ke liye garmi (chemical reaction) chahiye.
✅ Compound mein loha apne gun kho deta hai. Iron sulfide par magnet ka asar nahi hota.
✅ Peetal tamba aur zinc ka alloy hai, yaani mixture. Usme dono ka anupaat badla ja sakta hai.
✅ Mixture mein kitne bhi padarth ho sakte hain. Hawa mein kai gases hain, doodh mein kai padarth.
🔤 Key Terms (Exam mein English shabd hi likhna)
❓ FAQs
Mixture aur compound mein sabse aasaan pehchaan kya hai?
Do sawaal poochho: (1) kya anupaat badal sakta hai? (2) kya physical tareeke se alag ho jaata hai? Dono ka jawab “haan” toh mixture. Agar “nahi” aur gun naye hain, toh compound.
Kya mixture se compound ban sakta hai?
Haan, agar mixture ke padarth chemically react karein. Loha-sulfur ka mixture garam karne par iron sulfide (compound) ban jaata hai.
Hawa compound kyun nahi hai, jab woh har jagah ek jaisi dikhti hai?
Kyunki usme gases bina jod ke mili hain, har gas apne gun rakhti hai (oxygen saans ke liye, CO₂ paudhon ke liye), aur anupaat jagah ke hisaab se badalta hai. Thandi karke drav banayi hawa se gases ko alag bhi kiya jaata hai.
Kya mixture ka formula hota hai?
Nahi. Mixture ka anupaat fixed nahi, isliye uska koi ek formula nahi likh sakte. Compound ka formula hota hai, jaise H₂O.
Ghar mein loha-sulfur wala experiment kar sakte hain?
Nahi. Garam karne par sulfur ka dhuaan aur zehreeli gas ban sakti hai. Garam karne wala hissa sirf lab mein teacher karte hain. Ghar pe sirf magnet wala hissa (bina sulfur) kar sakte ho, jaise neeche Mini Experiments mein.
Kya alloy hamesha mixture hota hai?
Class 8 ke liye haan: alloy metals (kabhi-kabhi metal + non-metal) ka mixture hai, jaise peetal (tamba + zinc), stainless steel (loha + chromium + nickel + thoda carbon).
🧪 Activity (NCERT): Loha + Sulfur, Pehle Mixture Phir Compound
NCERT book mein ek activity hai jisme loha ke choore aur sulfur powder ko pehle sirf milaya jaata hai, phir garam karke dekha jaata hai ki kya badla. Ise hum apne shabdon mein, step-by-step samjhenge. Garam karne wala hissa sirf teacher lab mein karte hain.
Saamaan: loha ka choora (iron filings), sulfur powder, ek china dish ya kaagaz, ek magnet, ek kaanch ki rod, ek sookhi test tube, holder aur burner (sirf lab mein).
👀 Kya dekha aur kyun? (Click karo)
| Dekha | Matlab |
|---|---|
| Mixture mein peela aur bhoora-kaala dono dikhe | Dono padarth apne gun rakhe hue hain |
| Mixture se magnet ne loha nikala | Mixture ko physical tareeke se alag kar sakte hain |
| Garam karne par chamak aur garmi | Chemical reaction hua; compound banne mein garmi nikli |
| Kaala padarth magnet se nahi chipka | Naya padarth (iron sulfide) bana, jiske gun naye hain |
Is activity se kya seekha? Sirf milane se mixture bana, jiske hisse apne gun rakhte the aur magnet se alag ho gaye. Garam karke jodne par compound bana, jiske gun naye the aur jo magnet se alag nahi hua.
Yeh activity NCERT ki Class 8 Science book Curiosity (Chapter 8) par aadharit hai, aur yahan apne shabdon mein samjhayi gayi hai.
🏠 Mini Experiments (Ghar pe)
Result: keelein nikal aati hain, ret wahi rehti hai. Mixture ke hisse apne gun rakhte hain, isliye physical tareeke (magnet) se alag ho gaye.
Result: paani ud jaata hai, katori mein safed namak bach jaata hai. Ek jaisa dikhne wala ghol bhi mixture tha!
Do glass mein nimbu paani banao: ek mein 1 chammach cheeni, doosre mein 3 chammach. Chakh kar dekho. Dono nimbu paani hi hain, sirf meethapan alag hai. Ab socho: kya aisa “kam ya zyada oxygen wala paani” ho sakta hai? Nahi! Oxygen ka anupaat badla toh woh paani rahega hi nahi (H₂O₂ ban jaayega).
Mixture: anupaat badle, naam wahi. Compound: anupaat badla, padarth hi badal gaya.
🧠 Think Like a Scientist
🌍 Real Life Mein Mixture vs Compound
- Kabaadi ki dukaan: bade magnet se loha ka kabaad baaki kooda se alag kiya jaata hai. Yeh mixture ko physical tareeke se alag karna hai.
- Namak banana: samudra ke paani (mixture) ko kyaariyon mein sukha kar namak nikalte hain. Par namak (NaCl) se sodium nikalna ho toh factory mein bijli wala chemical tareeka lagta hai.
- Bartan: peetal aur stainless steel ke bartan alloys (mixture) hain; inka anupaat zaroorat ke hisaab se rakhte hain.
- Rasoi: chai, daal, sabzi sab mixtures hain; namak, cheeni, baking soda compounds hain.
- Hospital: saans ke liye diya jaane wala oxygen cylinder hawa (mixture) se oxygen alag karke bharte hain.
- Dawaiyaan: dawa ka asli padarth ek compound hota hai, aur goli usse milakar banaya gaya mixture hoti hai.
🔁 Recap: Poora Post Ek Nazar Mein
- Mixture: padarth sirf mile hue; compound: elements chemically jude hue.
- Mixture ka anupaat kuch bhi; compound ka hamesha fixed (FeS mein loha : sulfur wazan se lagbhag 7 : 4).
- Mixture mein har hissa apne gun rakhta hai; compound ke gun naye (iron sulfide magnet se nahi chipakta).
- Mixture physical tareekon se alag hota hai; compound sirf chemical tareekon se toot-ta hai.
- Compound banne mein aksar garmi/roshni nikalti ya lagti hai; mixture banne mein aam taur par nahi.
- Homogeneous mixture (namak ka ghol, hawa, peetal) compound jaisa dikhta hai par mixture hi hai.
- Word equation: iron + sulfur → iron sulfide.
✍️ Fill in the Blanks
1. Mixture ke hisse apne ______ rakhte hain.
gun (properties)
2. Compound mein elements ka anupaat hamesha ______ hota hai.
fixed (nishchit)
3. Loha aur sulfur ko garam karne par ______ naam ka compound banta hai.
iron sulfide (FeS)
4. Mixture ko ______ tareekon se alag kiya ja sakta hai.
physical (bhautik)
5. Peetal (brass) tamba aur zinc ka ek ______ hai.
alloy, yaani mixture
6. Compound banne mein aksar ______ ya roshni nikalti ya lagti hai.
garmi (heat)
✅ True / False
1. Loha aur sulfur ke mixture se magnet loha alag kar sakta hai.
True: mixture mein loha apne gun (magnet se chipakna) rakhta hai.
2. Iron sulfide magnet se chipakta hai kyunki usme loha hai.
False: compound ke gun naye hote hain; iron sulfide par magnet ka asar nahi.
3. Namak ka ghol ek jaisa dikhta hai, isliye woh compound hai.
False: woh homogeneous mixture hai; ubaal kar namak wapas mil jaata hai.
4. Mixture ka koi ek tay chemical formula nahi hota.
True: anupaat badal sakta hai, isliye formula nahi likh sakte.
5. Compound ka ubalne ka tapmaan fixed hota hai.
True: compound pure substance hai; jaise saaf paani samudra tal par 100 °C par ubalta hai.
6. Loha aur sulfur ko bahut der tak ghis kar milane se iron sulfide ban jaata hai.
False: sirf milane se mixture hi rehta hai; jodne ke liye garmi (chemical reaction) chahiye.
🔘 MCQs
Q1. Inme se mixture kaun sa hai? (a) Paani (b) Namak (c) Peetal (d) Carbon dioxide
✅ (c) Peetal: tamba aur zinc ka alloy, anupaat badal sakta hai.
(a) paani compound hai (H₂O).
(b) namak compound hai (NaCl).
(d) CO₂ compound hai.
Q2. Loha + sulfur ke mixture ki pehchaan kya hai? (a) Magnet loha alag kar deta hai (b) Woh kaala aur ek jaisa hai (c) Uska formula FeS hai (d) Magnet ka koi asar nahi
✅ (a): mixture mein loha apne gun rakhta hai.
(b) kaala aur ek jaisa iron sulfide hota hai, mixture nahi.
(c) FeS compound ka formula hai; mixture ka formula nahi hota.
(d) magnet ka asar na hona compound ki pehchaan hai.
Q3. Compound ko uske elements mein kaise toda ja sakta hai? (a) Chhaan kar (b) Magnet se (c) Chemical tareeke se (d) Haath se chun kar
✅ (c) Chemical tareeke se: jaise paani ka electrolysis.
(a) chhaanna physical tareeka hai, sirf mixture ke liye.
(b) magnet bhi physical tareeka hai.
(d) haath se chunna bhi physical tareeka hai.
Q4. Kaun si baat sirf mixture par laagu hoti hai? (a) Naye gun aate hain (b) Anupaat badal sakta hai (c) Fixed formula hota hai (d) Banne mein chemical reaction hota hai
✅ (b): mixture ka anupaat kuch bhi ho sakta hai.
(a) naye gun compound ki pehchaan hain.
(c) fixed formula compound ka hota hai.
(d) chemical reaction se compound banta hai.
Q5. 7 g loha 4 g sulfur se poora judta hai. 10 g loha aur 4 g sulfur garam karne par kitna loha bachega? (a) 0 g (b) 3 g (c) 4 g (d) 6 g
✅ (b) 3 g: 4 g sulfur ko sirf 7 g loha chahiye; 10 − 7 = 3 g bachega.
(a) 0 g tab hota jab loha theek 7 g hota.
(c) 4 g sulfur ki matra hai, bacha loha nahi.
(d) 6 g ka koi hisaab nahi banta.
Q6. Hawa ko mixture kyun kehte hain? (a) Woh dikhti nahi (b) Usme gases bina jod ke mili hain aur anupaat badalta hai (c) Usme sirf oxygen hai (d) Uska formula O₂ hai
✅ (b): yahi mixture ki kasauti hai.
(a) dikhna ya na dikhna kasauti nahi hai.
(c) hawa mein nitrogen sabse zyada hai, sirf oxygen nahi.
(d) O₂ oxygen gas ka formula hai, hawa ka nahi.
Q7. Kis padarth ka ubalne ka tapmaan fixed hoga? (a) Namak ka ghol (b) Doodh (c) Saaf (distilled) paani (d) Cheeni ka sharbat
✅ (c) Saaf paani: pure compound, samudra tal par 100 °C.
(a) namak ka ghol mixture hai; tapmaan namak ki matra par nirbhar.
(b) doodh mixture hai.
(d) sharbat mixture hai.
Q8. Inme se kaun sa jodi sahi hai? (a) Mitti: compound (b) Iron sulfide: mixture (c) Namak (NaCl): compound (d) Hawa: element
✅ (c): sodium aur chlorine 1 : 1 mein chemically jude hain.
(a) mitti heterogeneous mixture hai.
(b) iron sulfide compound hai.
(d) hawa mixture hai, element nahi.
🔗 Assertion–Reason
Options: (a) A aur R dono sahi, aur R, A ko samjhata hai · (b) A aur R dono sahi, par R, A ko nahi samjhata · (c) A sahi, R galat · (d) A galat, R sahi
1. A: Loha-sulfur ke mixture se magnet loha alag kar leta hai. R: Mixture mein har hissa apne gun rakhta hai.
✅ (a): loha apna magnet wala gun rakhta hai, isliye alag hota hai. R seedha A ko samjhata hai.
2. A: Peetal ek compound hai. R: Peetal mein tamba aur zinc ka anupaat badla ja sakta hai.
✅ (d): A galat hai, peetal mixture (alloy) hai. R sahi hai, aur yahi batata hai ki woh compound kyun nahi.
3. A: Iron sulfide banne par garmi nikalti hai. R: Iron sulfide kaale rang ka hota hai.
✅ (b): dono baatein sahi hain, par rang se garmi nikalna samajh nahi aata. Garmi chemical reaction ki wajah se nikalti hai.
📝 Very Short Answer (1 mark)
1. Mixture kise kehte hain?
Do ya zyada padarth jo bina chemical jod ke kisi bhi anupaat mein mile hon.
2. Loha aur sulfur ke reaction ka word equation likho.
Iron + sulfur → iron sulfide
3. Ek homogeneous mixture ka udaharan do.
Namak ka ghol (ya hawa, peetal, cheeni ka sharbat).
4. Compound ko alag karne ka ek tareeka batao.
Electrolysis (bijli se), jaise paani ka.
5. Kya mixture pure substance hai?
Nahi. Pure substance sirf elements aur compounds hain.
🗒️ Short Answer (2–3 marks)
1. Mixture aur compound ke teen farq likho.
(1) Mixture sirf milane se banta hai; compound chemical reaction se. (2) Mixture ka anupaat badal sakta hai; compound ka fixed hai. (3) Mixture ke hisse apne gun rakhte hain aur physical tareeke se alag hote hain; compound ke gun naye hote hain aur woh sirf chemical tareeke se toot-ta hai.
2. Namak ka ghol compound jaisa dikhta hai. Ise mixture kaise saabit karoge?
Ghol ko garam karke ya dhoop mein rakh kar paani uda do; namak bach jaata hai. Physical tareeke se alag ho gaya. Saath hi namak ki matra kam-zyada karke bhi ghol ban jaata hai, yaani anupaat fixed nahi. Isliye yeh mixture hai.
3. Iron sulfide par magnet ka asar kyun nahi hota, jabki usme loha hai?
Iron sulfide mein loha sulfur ke saath chemically jud gaya hai. Compound ke gun apne elements se alag, naye hote hain. Isliye loha ka magnet wala gun usme nahi dikhta.
4. Hawa mixture hai, iske do kaaran do.
(1) Hawa ki gases (nitrogen, oxygen, CO₂ aadi) apne-apne gun rakhti hain, jaise oxygen jalne mein madad karti hai. (2) Hawa ka anupaat jagah ke hisaab se badalta hai (jaise sheher ki hawa mein CO₂ aur dhool zyada), aur use thanda karke gases alag ki ja sakti hain.
📄 Long Answer (5 marks)
1. Loha aur sulfur wali activity ka varnan karo. Isse mixture aur compound ka farq kaise samajh aata hai?
Activity: loha ka choora aur sulfur powder milaya. Dono rang alag dikhe. Magnet ghumane par loha chipak gaya, sulfur reh gaya. Phir teacher ne thoda mixture test tube mein garam kiya: laal chamak aayi aur garmi nikli. Thanda hone par kaala thos padarth (iron sulfide) mila jo magnet se nahi chipka.
Seekh: (1) Pehle mixture tha: hisse apne gun rakhte the, magnet se alag hue, anupaat kuch bhi tha. (2) Garam karke compound bana: chemical reaction hua, garmi nikli, gun naye aaye (kaala rang, magnet ka asar nahi), aur ab magnet se alag nahi hota. (3) Word equation: iron + sulfur → iron sulfide. (4) FeS mein loha : sulfur wazan se hamesha lagbhag 7 : 4, yaani fixed anupaat.
2. Mixture aur compound mein paanch farq ek table ke roop mein likho, har ek ka udaharan do.
| Baat | Mixture | Compound |
|---|---|---|
| Banna | Milane se (namak + paani) | Chemical reaction se (loha + sulfur garam karke) |
| Anupaat | Kuch bhi (chai mein cheeni) | Fixed (paani mein 2 H : 1 O) |
| Gun | Hisse jaise (mixture mein loha magnet se chipke) | Naye (iron sulfide magnet se na chipke) |
| Alag karna | Physical (ubaal kar namak nikalna) | Chemical (paani ka electrolysis) |
| Garmi/roshni | Aam taur par nahi (ret + keel milana) | Aksar haan (loha-sulfur mein chamak) |
📰 Case-Based Question
Golu ke mohalle mein kabaadi wale bhaiya ek bade magnet se kooda chhaant rahe the. Magnet ne keelein, dhakkan aur loha ke tukde utha liye, par plastic aur kaagaz neeche reh gaye. Golu ne ek purana, kaala pada patthar jaisa tukda bhi magnet ke paas rakha, jo ek factory se aaya tha. Bhaiya ne bataya, “Isme loha toh hai, par yeh sulfur ke saath juda hua hai.” Magnet ne use nahi uthaya.
Q1. Kabaad ka dher mixture hai ya compound? Kyun?
Mixture. Usme alag-alag cheezein bina jod ke mili hain aur magnet (physical tareeka) se alag ho rahi hain.
Q2. Magnet ne keelein kyun uthayin?
Keelein loha ki hain, aur mixture mein loha apna gun (magnet se chipakna) rakhta hai.
Q3. Kaala tukda magnet se kyun nahi utha?
Usme loha sulfur ke saath chemically juda hai (iron sulfide jaisa compound). Compound ke gun naye hote hain, isliye magnet ka asar nahi.
Q4. Kaale tukde se loha nikalna ho toh kaisa tareeka chahiye hoga?
Chemical tareeka (jaise factory mein tez garmi aur reaction). Magnet ya chhaanna jaise physical tareeke kaam nahi karenge.
🚀 HOTS (Socho, Phir Jawab Do)
1. Agar paani hydrogen aur oxygen ka sirf mixture hota (compound nahi), toh kya hota?
Tab paani mein hydrogen aur oxygen dono ke gun bache rehte. Hydrogen jalti hai aur oxygen jalne mein madad karti hai, toh “paani” aag bujhane ki jagah aag pakad leta! Saath hi anupaat badal sakta, toh har jagah ka paani alag bartaav karta. Aag bujhana, peena, khana banana, kuch bhi safe na rehta. Yeh dikhata hai ki compound ke naye gun kitne zaroori hain.
2. Ek safed powder ko paani mein ghola, phir paani uda diya toh wahi powder wapas mila. Kya isse saabit hota hai ki powder compound hai?
Nahi, isse sirf itna pata chalta hai ki powder aur paani ne mixture (ghol) banaya tha. Powder khud element hai, compound hai, ya kai cheezon ka mixture, yeh jaanne ke liye aur jaanch chahiye (jaise kya use physical tareeke se aur hisson mein baanta ja sakta hai, kya uska pighalne ka tapmaan fixed hai).
3. Ek student kehta hai: “Iron sulfide mein loha hai, toh woh loha ka mixture hai.” Uski galti samjhao.
Kisi padarth mein element hona use mixture nahi banata. Dekhna hai ki element juda hai ya mila hai. Iron sulfide mein loha chemically juda hai, anupaat fixed hai (lagbhag 7 : 4 wazan se), gun naye hain, aur magnet se alag nahi hota. Isliye woh compound hai.
🏆 Olympiad Corner
1. 14 g loha ke saath poora judne ke liye kitna sulfur chahiye, aur kitna iron sulfide banega? (FeS mein loha : sulfur = lagbhag 7 : 4 wazan se)
14 g loha = 7 × 2, toh sulfur = 4 × 2 = 8 g. Iron sulfide = 14 + 8 = 22 g.
2. 12 g sulfur aur 14 g loha garam kiye gaye. Kaun sa padarth bachega, aur kitna?
14 g loha ko sirf 8 g sulfur chahiye. Toh 12 − 8 = 4 g sulfur bachega. Iron sulfide = 22 g. (Bacha sulfur alag dikhega, kyunki woh bas mila hua hai.)
3. Inme kitne mixtures hain: hawa, paani, peetal, namak, doodh, iron sulfide, mitti, cheeni?
Mixtures: hawa, peetal, doodh, mitti = 4. Baaki (paani, namak, iron sulfide, cheeni) compounds hain.
📚 Aur Padho (External Reference)
- NCERT Class 8 Science Curiosity, Chapter 8 (official PDF): mixture aur compound ki tulna wala hissa dekho
- DIKSHA: Sarkar ka free learning platform, NCERT ke videos ke liye
💖 CharuMam Motivation
Mixture mein sab saath toh hote hain, par apni-apni jagah. Compound mein sab dil se judte hain, aur kuch naya, kuch behtar ban jaata hai.
Padhai bhi aisi hi hai, beta. Sirf kitaab saamne rakh kar baithna “mixture” hai: aap aur kitaab paas-paas, par jude nahi. Jab aap sawaal poochhte ho, khud karke dekhte ho, galti se seekhte ho, tab gyaan aapse “chemically” judta hai, aur phir koi magnet use aapse alag nahi kar sakta! Aaj ek concept dil se jodo. Bas! 🌱
— CharuMam
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