Mixtures ke Prakar: Uniform aur Non-uniform
Sharbat ek jaisa, mitti wala paani alag-alag: aisa kyun? 🔬
🧭 Is Post Mein
📖 Kahani: Do Glass, Ek Sawaal
Golu bageeche se ek glass mein paani aur mitti mila kar laaya. Priya ne doosre glass mein cheeni ka sharbat banaya. Aur unka dost Rohan ek katori mein bhune chane aur mewe le aaya.
Golu bola: “Pichli baar humne seekha ki teeno mixture hain. Toh teeno ek hi type ke hue na?”
Priya ne dono glass ko 10 minute rakh diya. Golu ke glass mein mitti neeche baith gayi, upar halka gandla paani. Priya ka sharbat upar se neeche tak bilkul ek jaisa saaf tha.
Rohan bola: “Dekho, ek mein hisse alag dikh rahe hain, doosre mein bilkul nahi. Toh mixture bhi alag-alag type ke hote honge!”
Bilkul sahi, Rohan! Aaj hum yahi samjhenge: mixtures ke prakar kaun se hain aur unhe kaise pehchante hain. 🔍
🎯 Is Post Mein Kya Seekhenge
- Uniform (ek-saman) aur non-uniform (asaman) mixture kya hote hain
- Kisi mixture ka prakar pehchanne ke 3 aasaan test
- Gas, liquid aur solid milkar 6 tarah ke mixtures kaise banate hain
- Alloys (mishr dhatu) jaise brass, bronze, stainless steel bhi mixture kyun hain
🧱 Basics: Pehle Yeh Aana Chahiye
1. Mixture: do ya zyada cheezon ka mel, jisme koi nayi cheez nahi banti aur har cheez apne gun rakhti hai. (Yeh humne Post 1: Mixture Kya Hai? mein padha.)
2. Component (hissa): mixture mein mili har cheez uska ek component hai. Jaise sharbat ke components: paani aur cheeni.
3. Matter ki teen avasthayein: solid (thos), liquid (drav) aur gas. Mixture inme se kisi bhi do ko milakar ban sakta hai.
💡 Concept: Mixtures ke Do Prakar
Har mixture ko hum ek sawaal se do group mein baant sakte hain: kya uske hisse poore mixture mein ek jaise faile hain?
Jisme hisse har jagah barabar faile hon, aur aankh se ya magnifying glass (lens) se bhi alag-alag na dikhein.
Examples: cheeni ka ghol, namak ka ghol, hawa, sirka (vinegar), soda water, brass.
Kyun ek jaisa dikhta hai? Kyunki ek component ke kan itne chhote tukdon mein toot kar doosre ke kanon ke beech fail gaye hain ki har boond, har chammach mein dono ki matra ek jaisi hai.
Jisme hisse barabar nahi faile, aur aankh se ya lens se alag-alag pehchane ja sakte hain.
Examples: mitti wala paani, reth aur paani, tel aur paani, bhel, chane-mewe, dhuan.
Kyun alag dikhta hai? Kyunki hisson ke kan ya tukde bade hain, ya ek doosre mein ghulte nahi. Isliye kahin ek hissa zyada, kahin doosra.
🔎 Prakar pehchanne ke 3 aasaan test
🧩 Avastha ke hisaab se 6 tarah ke mixtures
Mixture banane wale hisse gas, liquid ya solid ho sakte hain. Inke jode banao toh 6 tarah ke mixtures milte hain:
- Gas + gas: hawa (nitrogen, oxygen aur kai gases)
- Gas + liquid: soda water (paani mein CO₂), paani mein ghuli oxygen jisse machhliyan saans leti hain
- Solid + gas: dhuan (hawa mein tairte carbon ke kaale kan)
- Liquid + liquid: sirka (paani mein acetic acid), tel aur paani
- Solid + liquid: reth aur paani, samudra ka paani (paani mein namak)
- Solid + solid: baking powder (baking soda + tartaric acid), alloys jaise brass
Dhyan do: ek hi jode mein dono prakar ho sakte hain. Sirka aur tel-paani dono “liquid + liquid” hain, par sirka uniform hai aur tel-paani non-uniform. Prakar avastha se nahi, hisson ke failne ke tareeke se tay hota hai.
🔩 Alloys: dhatuon ke mixture
Jab do ya zyada dhatuon ko (kabhi-kabhi carbon jaisi cheez ke saath) pighla kar milaya jaata hai aur thanda kiya jaata hai, toh alloy (mishr dhatu) banta hai. Alloy ek uniform solid-solid mixture hai: isme alag dhatuein aankh se alag nahi dikhti.
- Brass (peetal): copper + zinc
- Bronze (kaansa): copper + tin
- Stainless steel: iron + chromium + nickel + thoda carbon
Alloy kyun banate hain? Kyunki milane se aisa padarth milta hai jo akeli dhatu se zyada mazboot ho, ya jisme jang na lage. Stainless steel ke bartan isiliye chamakte rehte hain.
🖼️ Diagrams: Picture se Samjho
🔐 Deep Concept: Prakar “haalat” pe bhi depend karta hai
1. Hilaya ya nahi? Glass mein cheeni dalo aur bina hilaye turant chakho. Upar ka paani kam meetha, neeche zyada. Us waqt mixture uniform nahi hai! Achhe se hilao aur cheeni poori ghul jaaye, tab woh uniform banta hai.
2. Band ya khula? Band bottle mein soda water uniform hai: CO₂ paani mein ghuli hai, dikhti nahi. Bottle kholte hi gas bulbule ban kar nikalne lagti hai, aur bulbule alag dikhte hain.
3. Kitne paas se dekh rahe ho? Doodh ya baking powder door se ek jaisa lagta hai, par bahut taakatwar lens (microscope) se dekho toh alag-alag kan dikh sakte hain. Isliye scientist kehte hain: “uniform” ka faisla dhyan se, sahi tareeke se dekh kar karo.
Aage ki classes mein aap uniform mixture ko solution (ghol) naam se bhi padhoge. Alloy bhi ek tarah ka “solid ghol” hai!
✏️ Examples: Uniform hai ya Non-uniform?
Har ghoont ek jaisa meetha. Cheeni alag nahi dikhti.
Ghee ki alag parat upar dikhti hai, woh daal ke paani mein barabar nahi faila.
Copper aur zinc pighla kar mile hain. Diye mein kahin bhi copper ya zinc alag nahi dikhta.
Hawa mein carbon ke kaale kan tair rahe hain. Kahin dhuan ghana, kahin halka. Diwar pe kaali parat bhi jam jaati hai.
Moongphali, pyaaz, poha sab alag dikhte hain. Ek chammach mein moongphali zyada, doosri mein kam.
⚖️ Difference Table: Uniform vs Non-uniform
| Baat | Uniform mixture | Non-uniform mixture |
|---|---|---|
| Hisse dikhte hain? | Nahi, lens se bhi nahi | Haan, aankh ya lens se |
| Har hisse mein matra | Har jagah ek jaisi | Jagah-jagah alag |
| Rakhne pe | Kuch neeche nahi baithta, parat nahi banti | Aksar kuch neeche baithta hai ya parat banti hai |
| Doosra naam | Homogeneous mixture | Heterogeneous mixture |
| Examples | Hawa, namak ka ghol, sirka, brass | Reth-paani, tel-paani, dhuan, bhel |
🚫 Misconceptions: Log aisa sochte hain… lekin
❌ “Uniform dikhta hai toh woh shuddh (pure) cheez hai.”
✅ Sach: namak ka ghol bilkul saaf aur ek jaisa dikhta hai, phir bhi usme do cheezein hain. Ek jaisa dikhna “ek hi cheez” hona nahi hai.
❌ “Steel ke bartan shuddh dhatu ke hote hain.”
✅ Sach: stainless steel ek alloy hai: iron, chromium, nickel aur thode carbon ka uniform mixture.
❌ “Mixture sirf liquid mein bante hain.”
✅ Sach: hawa (gas + gas), dhuan (solid + gas) aur brass (solid + solid) bhi mixture hain.
❌ “Do liquid milao toh hamesha uniform mixture banega.”
✅ Sach: sirka uniform hai, par tel aur paani milane par alag parten ban jaati hain, yani non-uniform.
🔤 Key Terms (Exam mein English shabd hi likhna)
❓ FAQs
1. Samudra ka paani uniform hai ya non-uniform?
Samudra ke paani mein namak aur doosre padarth ghule hote hain, jo dikhte nahi aur har jagah barabar faile hain. Isliye chhana hua (saaf) samudra ka paani uniform mixture hai. Agar usme reth ya kachra tair raha ho, toh woh hissa non-uniform ho jaata hai.
2. Hawa toh har jagah alag hoti hai (dhool, nami), phir uniform kyun?
Hawa ki gases (nitrogen, oxygen, argon, CO₂) aapas mein har jagah ek jaisi mili hoti hain, isliye gases ka mixture uniform hai. Dhool ke kan alag cheez hain: dhool wali hawa ko dhyan se dekho toh kan dikhte hain, jaise dhoop ki kiran mein.
3. Alloy ko mixture kyun kehte hain, jab woh ek hi dhatu jaisa dikhta hai?
Kyunki alloy mein dhatuein bas mili hain, judkar nayi cheez nahi banati, aur unki matra badli ja sakti hai. Jaise brass mein copper aur zinc ki matra alag-alag rakh kar alag rang aur mazbooti ka brass banate hain. Matra badal sakna mixture ki pehchaan hai.
4. Kya ek mixture kabhi uniform aur kabhi non-uniform ho sakta hai?
Haan, haalat ke hisaab se. Bina hilaya cheeni-paani shuru mein non-uniform hota hai (cheeni neeche), hilane ke baad uniform ban jaata hai. Soda water band bottle mein uniform, kholne par bulbule nikalne lagte hain.
5. Prakar jaanna kyun zaroori hai?
Kyunki mixture ko alag karne ka tareeka isi se tay hota hai. Non-uniform (reth-paani) ko chhaan kar alag kar sakte ho, par uniform (namak-paani) ko chhanne se namak alag nahi hoga, use paani uda kar alag karna padega.
🧪 Activity (NCERT): Mixtures ki Table Bharo
NCERT book mein ek table hai jisme 6 tarah ke mixtures ke examples diye hain, aur aapko har ek ke saamne likhna hai ki woh uniform hai ya non-uniform. Ise aise karo:
Table ke answers dekho (pehle khud bharna!)
| Avastha | Example | Prakar |
|---|---|---|
| Gas + gas | Hawa | Uniform |
| Gas + liquid | Soda water; paani mein ghuli oxygen | Uniform |
| Solid + gas | Hawa mein carbon ke kan (dhuan) | Non-uniform |
| Liquid + liquid | Sirka (paani + acetic acid) | Uniform |
| Liquid + liquid | Tel + paani | Non-uniform |
| Solid + liquid | Reth + paani | Non-uniform |
| Solid + liquid | Samudra ka (chhana hua) paani | Uniform |
| Solid + solid | Baking powder (baking soda + tartaric acid) | Non-uniform: do alag powders ke kan, jo taakatwar lens se alag dikh sakte hain |
| Solid + solid | Alloys: brass, bronze, stainless steel | Uniform |
Is activity se kya seekha? Avastha (solid, liquid, gas) se prakar tay nahi hota. Ek hi avastha ke jode mein uniform bhi mil sakta hai aur non-uniform bhi.
Yeh activity NCERT ki Class 8 Science book Curiosity (Chapter 8) par aadharit hai, aur yahan apne shabdon mein samjhayi gayi hai.
🏠 Mini Experiments (Ghar pe)
Result: cheeni aur namak wale glass uniform. Mitti wale mein mitti neeche (non-uniform). Tel wale mein tel upar alag parat (non-uniform), kyunki tel paani mein nahi ghulta aur paani se halka hai.
Kamre mein andhera karo. Ek glass mein cheeni ka ghol aur doosre mein halka mitti wala paani lo. Dono ke paar side se torch chalao. Cheeni wale glass mein roshni ka raasta mushkil se dikhega, par mitti wale paani mein roshni ki dhundhli patti saaf dikhegi, kyunki tairte kan roshni ko idhar-udhar bikher dete hain.
🧠 Think Like a Scientist
Sawaal: Rohan samudra kinare se ek bottle paani laaya. Usme thodi reth bhi thi. Golu bola, “Samudra ka paani non-uniform hai.” Priya boli, “Nahi, uniform hai.” Kaun sahi?
Scientist ka tareeka dekho
1. Observe (dekho): bottle mein reth ke kan tair rahe hain aur neeche baith rahe hain.
2. Guess (anumaan): shayad reth hata do, toh baaki paani uniform hoga.
3. Test (jaanch): paani ko saaf kapde se chhaano. Chhane paani ko lens se dekho, aur upar-neeche se thoda-thoda lekar plate mein sukhao.
4. Result: chhane paani mein kuch alag nahi dikhta; upar aur neeche dono boondon se sukhne par barabar safed namak ki parat bachti hai.
5. Conclusion: reth ke saath bottle ka paani non-uniform tha (Golu sahi), par reth hatane ke baad samudra ka paani khud uniform hai (Priya sahi). Dono aadhe sahi the! Science mein pehle saaf karo ki kis cheez ki baat ho rahi hai. 🔬
🌍 Real Life Mein Mixtures ke Prakar
- 🍳 Stainless steel ke bartan: uniform alloy, jisme jang nahi lagta, isliye rasoi mein sabse zyada yahi dikhte hain.
- 🪔 Peetal ke diye aur kaanse ki thaali: brass aur bronze, purane zamane se istemal hone wale alloys.
- 🥤 Soda aur nimbu soda: paani mein CO₂ ka uniform mixture; bottle kholte hi “fizz” ki awaaz.
- 🏭 Dhuan aur pradushan: hawa mein carbon ke kan, non-uniform mixture. Mask inhe rokta hai.
- 🍛 Khichdi, bhel, salad: roz ke non-uniform mixtures.
🔁 Recap: Poora Post Ek Nazar Mein
- Mixture ke do prakar: uniform (ek-saman) aur non-uniform (asaman).
- Uniform: hisse har jagah barabar, lens se bhi alag nahi dikhte. Jaise hawa, cheeni ka ghol, sirka, soda water, alloys.
- Non-uniform: hisse alag dikhte hain, matra jagah-jagah alag. Jaise reth-paani, tel-paani, dhuan, bhel.
- 3 test: dekho, upar-neeche ki tulna karo, thodi der rakh kar dekho.
- Gas, liquid, solid ke jodon se 6 tarah ke mixtures bante hain. Prakar avastha se nahi, failne ke tareeke se tay hota hai.
- Alloys: brass = copper + zinc, bronze = copper + tin, stainless steel = iron + chromium + nickel + carbon.
- Haalat badalne se prakar badal sakta hai: bina hilaya sharbat, khuli soda bottle.
✍️ Fill in the Blanks
- Jis mixture ke hisse har jagah barabar faile hon, use ______ mixture kehte hain.
- Reth aur paani ka mixture ______ hota hai.
- Brass, copper aur ______ ka alloy hai.
- Bronze, copper aur ______ ka alloy hai.
- Dhuan, hawa mein tairte ______ ke kanon ka mixture hai.
- Dhatuon ke uniform mixture ko ______ kehte hain.
Answers
1) uniform (ek-saman) · 2) non-uniform · 3) zinc · 4) tin · 5) carbon · 6) alloy (mishr dhatu)
✅ True / False
- Uniform mixture ke hisse magnifying glass se bhi alag nahi dikhte.
- Tel aur paani milkar uniform mixture banate hain.
- Stainless steel ek mixture hai.
- Mixture sirf liquid mein hi bante hain.
- Chhana hua samudra ka paani ek uniform mixture hai.
- Non-uniform mixture ke alag-alag hisson mein components ki matra alag ho sakti hai.
Answers (kyun ke saath)
1) True: kan bahut chhote aur barabar faile hain.
2) False: tel upar alag parat bana leta hai, isliye non-uniform.
3) True: iron, chromium, nickel aur carbon ka alloy hai.
4) False: hawa (gas + gas) aur brass (solid + solid) bhi mixture hain.
5) True: namak ghula hua hai aur har jagah barabar hai.
6) True: jaise bhel ki ek chammach mein moongphali zyada, doosri mein kam.
🔘 MCQs
Q1. Inme se uniform mixture kaun sa hai? (a) Reth + paani (b) Cheeni ka ghol (c) Tel + paani (d) Dhuan
✅ (b) Cheeni ka ghol: cheeni har jagah barabar ghuli hai, dikhti nahi.
(a) reth neeche baith jaati hai, non-uniform.
(c) tel ki alag parat banti hai, non-uniform.
(d) dhuan mein carbon ke kan barabar nahi faile, non-uniform.
Q2. Inme se non-uniform mixture kaun sa hai? (a) Hawa (b) Sirka (c) Khichdi (d) Brass
✅ (c) Khichdi: daal, chawal, sabzi alag dikhte hain.
(a) hawa ki gases har jagah barabar mili hain, uniform.
(b) sirka mein acetic acid paani mein ghula hai, uniform.
(d) brass ek alloy hai, uniform.
Q3. Brass kin dhatuon se banta hai? (a) Copper + zinc (b) Copper + tin (c) Iron + carbon (d) Aluminium + copper
✅ (a) Copper + zinc.
(b) copper + tin se bronze banta hai.
(c) iron + carbon se steel jaisa alloy banta hai, brass nahi.
(d) brass mein aluminium mukhya hissa nahi hai.
Q4. Uniform mixture ki sahi pehchaan kaun si hai? (a) Har hisse mein components ki matra ek jaisi hoti hai (b) Rakhne par parten ban jaati hain (c) Lens se alag kan dikhte hain (d) Ek hissa neeche baith jaata hai
✅ (a): yahi “ek-saman” ka matlab hai.
(b), (c), (d) teeno non-uniform mixture ki pehchaan hain.
Q5. Dhuan kis prakar ka mixture hai? (a) Gas + gas, uniform (b) Solid + gas, non-uniform (c) Liquid + liquid, uniform (d) Solid + solid, uniform
✅ (b): carbon ke thos kan hawa (gas) mein barabar nahi faile.
(a) dhuan mein thos kan hain, sirf gases nahi.
(c) dhuan mein koi liquid mukhya hissa nahi.
(d) hawa gas hai, solid nahi.
Q6. Glass mein tel aur paani milakar rakhne par kya hota hai? (a) Tel paani mein ghul jaata hai (b) Do parten banti hain, tel upar (c) Nayi cheez banti hai (d) Do parten banti hain, tel neeche
✅ (b): tel nahi ghulta aur paani se halka hai, isliye upar tairta hai.
(a) tel paani mein nahi ghulta.
(c) koi nayi cheez nahi banti, yeh mixture hai.
(d) tel halka hai, neeche nahi jaata.
Q7. Bronze kin dhatuon ka alloy hai? (a) Copper + tin (b) Copper + zinc (c) Iron + nickel (d) Zinc + tin
✅ (a) Copper + tin.
(b) copper + zinc brass hai.
(c) iron + nickel (chromium ke saath) stainless steel ka hissa hai.
(d) bronze mein copper zaroori hai.
Q8. Sirka (vinegar) kis prakar ka mixture hai? (a) Liquid + liquid, uniform (b) Liquid + liquid, non-uniform (c) Solid + liquid, non-uniform (d) Gas + liquid, uniform
✅ (a): acetic acid (liquid) paani (liquid) mein poori tarah ghula hai.
(b) sirka mein koi parat nahi banti.
(c) sirka mein koi thos hissa nahi.
(d) acetic acid gas nahi, liquid hai.
🔗 Assertion–Reason
Options: (a) A aur R dono sahi, aur R, A ko samjhata hai · (b) A aur R dono sahi, par R, A ko nahi samjhata · (c) A sahi, R galat · (d) A galat, R sahi
1. A: Cheeni ka ghol ek uniform mixture hai. R: Usme cheeni ke kan paani mein har jagah barabar faile hote hain.
✅ (a): barabar failna hi uniform hone ka kaaran hai, isliye R, A ko samjhata hai.
2. A: Tel aur paani ka mixture uniform hota hai. R: Tel paani se halka hota hai.
✅ (d): A galat hai (tel-paani non-uniform hai, parten banti hain). R sahi hai: tel halka hai, isliye upar tairta hai.
3. A: Brass ek mixture hai. R: Brass ek aisi dhatu hai jo zameen se shuddh roop mein nikalti hai.
✅ (c): A sahi hai (brass copper aur zinc ka alloy hai). R galat hai: brass insaan banata hai, dhatuon ko pighla kar milakar.
📝 Very Short Answer (1 mark)
1. Uniform mixture kise kehte hain?
Jis mixture ke components har jagah barabar faile hon aur aankh ya lens se alag na dikhein.
2. Non-uniform mixture ke do examples do.
Reth + paani, tel + paani (ya dhuan, bhel, khichdi).
3. Alloy kya hai?
Dhatuon (kabhi carbon jaisi cheez ke saath) ka uniform mixture, jaise brass.
4. Gas + liquid mixture ka ek example do.
Soda water (paani mein CO₂), ya paani mein ghuli oxygen.
5. Stainless steel mein kaun-kaun si cheezein hoti hain?
Iron, chromium, nickel aur thoda carbon.
📝 Short Answer (2–3 marks)
1. Uniform aur non-uniform mixture mein teen antar likho.
(1) Uniform mein hisse alag nahi dikhte; non-uniform mein aankh ya lens se dikhte hain.
(2) Uniform mein har jagah matra ek jaisi; non-uniform mein jagah-jagah alag.
(3) Uniform mein rakhne par kuch neeche nahi baithta; non-uniform mein aksar kuch baithta hai ya parat banti hai.
2. Sirka aur tel-paani dono liquid + liquid mixture hain, phir bhi prakar alag kyun hai?
Sirka mein acetic acid paani mein poori tarah ghul kar barabar fail jaata hai, isliye uniform. Tel paani mein nahi ghulta aur alag parat bana leta hai, isliye non-uniform. Prakar avastha se nahi, hisson ke failne ke tareeke se tay hota hai.
3. Alloy ko uniform mixture kyun maana jaata hai? Ek example do.
Alloy mein dhatuein pighla kar milayi jaati hain, toh thanda hone par woh har jagah barabar faili hoti hain aur alag nahi dikhti. Koi nayi cheez nahi banti aur matra badli ja sakti hai. Example: brass (copper + zinc).
4. Kisi mixture ka prakar pehchanne ke do aasaan tareeke batao.
(1) Aankh ya lens se dekho: hisse alag dikhe toh non-uniform. (2) Mixture ko thodi der rakh do: kuch neeche baitha ya parat bani toh non-uniform; sab ek jaisa raha toh uniform.
📝 Long Answer (5 marks)
1. Avastha ke hisaab se mixtures ke 6 jode likho, har ek ka ek example do aur batao ki woh uniform hai ya non-uniform.
(1) Gas + gas: hawa, uniform.
(2) Gas + liquid: soda water, uniform.
(3) Solid + gas: dhuan (hawa mein carbon ke kan), non-uniform.
(4) Liquid + liquid: sirka, uniform; tel + paani, non-uniform.
(5) Solid + liquid: namak ka ghol / chhana hua samudra ka paani, uniform; reth + paani, non-uniform.
(6) Solid + solid: brass jaisa alloy, uniform.
Nishkarsh: ek hi avastha ke jode mein dono prakar ho sakte hain; prakar hisson ke failne ke tareeke se tay hota hai.
2. Ghar ke saamaan se ek experiment likho jisse uniform aur non-uniform mixture ka fark dikhe. Har step ka kaaran bhi do.
(1) Teen glass mein paani lo: taaki teeno ki tulna barabar ho.
(2) Pehle mein cheeni, doosre mein reth, teesre mein tel dalo: teen alag tarah ki cheezein, taaki alag vyavhaar dikhe.
(3) Achhe se hilao: taaki har cheez ko milne ka poora mauka mile.
(4) 10 minute rakho: jo hissa ghula nahi hai, woh neeche baithega ya upar alag hoga.
(5) Dekho: cheeni wala glass ek jaisa (uniform); reth neeche (non-uniform); tel upar parat (non-uniform).
Nishkarsh: jo cheez ghul kar barabar fail jaati hai woh uniform mixture banati hai; jo nahi ghulti woh non-uniform.
📰 Case-Based Question
Rohan ki daadi subah peetal ke lote mein paani bharti hain aur steel ke glass mein nimbu-cheeni ka sharbat banati hain. Rasoi mein chulhe ka thoda dhuan bhi uthta hai. Dopahar ko daadi daal mein ghee ka tadka lagati hain, aur Rohan dekhta hai ki ghee upar tair raha hai. Shaam ko Rohan bina hilaye sharbat chakhta hai toh upar se kam meetha lagta hai.
Q1. Kahani mein aaye do alloys ke naam aur unke components likho.
Peetal (brass): copper + zinc. Steel (stainless steel): iron + chromium + nickel + carbon.
Q2. Chulhe ka dhuan kis avastha ke jode ka mixture hai, aur kis prakar ka?
Solid + gas: carbon ke thos kan hawa mein. Yeh non-uniform mixture hai.
Q3. Daal mein upar tairta ghee kya batata hai?
Ghee daal ke paani mein barabar nahi faila, alag parat bana raha hai. Isliye ghee wali daal ek non-uniform mixture hai.
Q4. Sharbat upar se kam meetha kyun laga? Ise uniform kaise banayein?
Cheeni neeche jama thi aur poori ghuli nahi thi, isliye mixture us waqt uniform nahi tha. Achhe se hilane par cheeni ghul kar har jagah barabar fail jaayegi aur sharbat uniform ban jaayega.
🚀 HOTS
1. Sone ke gehne mein aksar thoda copper milaya jaata hai taaki gehna mazboot bane. Kya aisa gehna mixture hai? Kis prakar ka?
Haan, yeh sone aur copper ka alloy hai, yani mixture. Dhatuein pighla kar barabar mili hain aur alag nahi dikhti, isliye yeh uniform mixture hai. Copper ki matra badal kar alag mazbooti ka gehna banta hai: matra badal sakna mixture ki pehchaan hai.
2. Golu kehta hai: “Namak ka ghol bilkul saaf aur ek jaisa hai, isliye woh shuddh padarth hai.” Uski galti samjhao.
Ek jaisa dikhna aur ek hi cheez hona alag baatein hain. Namak ka ghol uniform mixture hai: usme paani aur namak do cheezein hain. Paani uda do toh namak alag mil jaata hai, jo saabit karta hai ki do cheezein thi.
3. Tel aur paani ke mixture ko alag karne ke liye chhanna (filter) kaam nahi karega. Iska prakar dekh kar koi aur tareeka socho.
Tel-paani non-uniform hai aur tel upar alag parat banata hai. Isliye mixture ko rakh do, parat banne do, phir upar ka tel chammach se dheere-dheere nikaal lo, ya neeche ke paani ko kisi paatra ke chhote ched se dheere se nikaal do. Parat banne ka gun hi alag karne mein madad karta hai.
🏆 Olympiad Corner
1. Ek brass ke 200 g ke tukde mein 70% copper hai. Isme zinc kitna hai? (a) 140 g (b) 70 g (c) 60 g (d) 30 g
✅ (c) 60 g: copper = 200 × 70 ÷ 100 = 140 g, toh zinc = 200 − 140 = 60 g. (a) 140 g copper hai, zinc nahi. (b) aur (d) mein percent ko seedha gram maan liya gaya, jo galat hai.
2. 180 g paani mein 20 g cheeni achhe se ghol kar 200 g uniform ghol banaya. Isme se 50 g ghol nikala. Usme kitni cheeni hogi? (a) 20 g (b) 10 g (c) 5 g (d) 2 g
✅ (c) 5 g: uniform ghol mein har hisse mein cheeni ka hissa barabar hai: 20 ÷ 200 = 1/10. Toh 50 g mein 50 ÷ 10 = 5 g cheeni. (a) poori cheeni sirf poore ghol mein hai. (b) aur (d) hisaab se mel nahi khate.
3. Kis jodi ko paani mein milane par non-uniform mixture banega? (a) Namak + paani (b) Cheeni + paani (c) Chaak powder + paani (d) Sirka + paani
✅ (c): chaak powder paani mein nahi ghulta, paani gandla dikhta hai aur powder neeche baith jaata hai. (a), (b), (d) teeno paani mein ghul kar uniform mixture banate hain.
📚 Aur Padho (External Reference)
- NCERT Class 8 Science Curiosity, Chapter 8 (official PDF): section “Types of mixtures” dekho
- DIKSHA: Sarkar ka free learning platform, NCERT ke videos ke liye
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Padhai bhi aisi hi hai, beta. Ek din mein bahut saara padh kar baaki din chhod doge toh gyaan “non-uniform” reh jaayega. Roz thoda-thoda padho, roz thoda dohraao, toh har din aur har sawaal mein aapki mehnat ki mithaas barabar dikhegi. 🌱
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