(a − b)² Aur (a + b)(a − b) | Class 8 Maths Book 1 Ch 6

📘 Class 8 · Ganita Prakash Book 1Ch 6 · We Distribute, Yet Things MultiplyPost 5 / 7⏱ 25–30 min
(a − b)² Aur (a + b)(a − b) ➖

✅ Pehle Yeh Aata Hai?

Yeh post shuru karne se pehle, in teen sawaalon ko 1 minute mein khud try kijiye:

  1. (a + b)² = ?
  2. 50² = ?
  3. 7² − 3² = ?
Answers dekho
  1. a² + 2ab + b²
  2. 2500
  3. 40 (= 10 × 4!)

Teeno sahi? Badhiya, aage chaliye! Koi galat hua? Koi baat nahi, Post 4 — (a + b)² Ka Formula dekh lijiye.

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🎬 Kahani: Darzi Ka Kapda Aur Do Pattiyaan

Darzi Iqbal chacha ke paas 50 cm ka square kapda tha. Unhe 48 cm ka square chahiye tha, to ek taraf aur neeche se 2 cm ki patti kaati. 🧵

Shagird bola: “Do pattiyaan 50 × 2 = 100-100, to 2500 − 200 = 2300 bacha.” Chacha muskuraye: “Kone ka tukda do baar kaat diya tune!”

Sahi jawab 2304. Woh 4 kahan se aaya? Aaj (a − b)² aur ek aur jaadu (a + b)(a − b) chitron se samjhenge. ✂️

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📖 Concept: Ghataav Mein Kone Ka Tukda Wapas Jodo

💡 Is post ki ek badi baat: a² mein se do pattiyaan (a × b) kaato to kone ka b × b tukda do baar kat jaata, isliye ek baar wapas jodo: (a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b². Aur jod × farak mein pattiyaan kat jaati: (a + b)(a − b) = a² − b².

Step 1: (a − b)²: chitra

Side a ka square: andar (a − b)² ka square, do b(a − b) pattiyaan aur kone mein b²(a − b)²b(a − b)a − bb(a − b)b²ba − bb
Side a ka square: andar (a − b)² ka square, do b(a − b) pattiyaan aur kone mein b²

a² − ab − ab kiya to kona (b²) do baar gaya. + b² karke sahi: 50² − 2 × 100 + 4 = 2304.

Check: 48 × 48 = 2304 ✅

Step 2: (a − b)²: algebra, do tareeke

A: (a − b)(a − b) = a² − ab − ba + b² = a² − 2ab + b².

B: (a + (−b))² = a² + 2a(−b) + (−b)² = a² − 2ab + b². (Post 4 — (a + b)² Ka Formula ki identity hi, b negative!)

Kab kaunsa? B dikhata ki naya kuch yaad karne ki zaroorat nahi. A tab jab sign ka confusion ho.

Step 3: Mann mein squares (ghataav se)

89² = (90 − 1)² = 8100 − 180 + 1 = 7921.

996² = (1000 − 4)² = 1000000 − 8000 + 16 = 992016.

Kab (+) kab (−)? Gol number ke upar ho (71) to (a + b)²; neeche (89) to (a − b)². Jo gol number paas ho, wahi chuno.

Step 4: (a + b)(a − b) = a² − b²

Distributive: a² − ab + ba − b² = a² − b² (beech wale kat gaye!).

67 × 73 = (70 − 3)(70 + 3) = 4900 − 9 = 4891. 104 × 96 = 10000 − 16 = 9984.

Chitra: a² mein se kone ka b² kaato. Bache L-shape ki ek patti kaat ke ghuma ke jodo: (a + b) × (a − b) ka rectangle!

Step 5: Sridharacharya ka square tareeka

a² = (a + b)(a − b) + b². b aisa chuno ki ek bracket gol number bane.

47² = 50 × 44 + 3² = 2200 + 9 = 2209. 193² = 200 × 186 + 49 = 37249.

WHY sahi? (a + b)(a − b) = a² − b², to b² wapas jodne se a².

🪜 Atak Gaye? Aise Socho

  • Square poochha? Paas ka gol number dhundho.
  • Upar ho to (a + b)², neeche ho to (a − b)².
  • Do numbers ka guna? Kya dono ek number se barabar door? To a² − b².
  • Signs: (−b)² = +b² hamesha.
  • Jawab ko last digit se check (89² ka last digit 1).

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🔐 Deep Concept: Teen Identity, Ek Hi Parivaar

(a + b)², (a − b)², (a + b)(a − b): teeno (a + m)(b + n) (Post 2 — Guna Mein Badlaav: Increments) ke khaas case hain. Aur woh distributive (Post 1 — Distributive Property Kya Hai?) ka. Ek ped, teen daaliyaan! 🌳

Pattern 1: (a + b)² + (a − b)² = 2(a² + b²) (2ab aur −2ab kat jaate). 2(4² + 7²) = 130 = 11² + 3² ✅

Pattern 2: a² − b² = (a + b)(a − b): 12² − 5² = 119 = 17 × 7 ✅

(a − b)² aur (b − a)²: barabar! Kyunki (b − a) = −(a − b), aur minus ka square plus.

Unifying idea: identities alag-alag rataane ki cheez nahi: ek distributive, aur signs ka khel. 🎯

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✏️ Solved Examples

Example 1 (Easy): (2x − 5)² kholo.

4x² − 20x + 25.

Check: x = 3: 1² = 1; 36 − 60 + 25 = 1 ✅

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Example 2 (Medium): 38 × 42 mann mein.

(40 − 2)(40 + 2) = 1600 − 4 = 1596.

Check: 38 × 42 = 1520 + 76 = 1596 ✅

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Example 3 (NCERT style): 64 ko do squares ke farak mein likho (do tareeke).

a² − b² = (a + b)(a − b) = 64: 16 × 4 → a = 10, b = 6; 32 × 2 → a = 17, b = 15.

Check: 100 − 36 = 64 ✅, 289 − 225 = 64 ✅

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Iqbal chacha ka sabak: 2500 − 200 + 4 = 2304. Shagird ne kone ka tukda wapas joda. Chacha: “Kapda ho ya algebra, do baar kaata hua ek baar wapas lo!” ✂️

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🏠 (a − b)² Aur a² − b² Roz Ki Zindagi Mein

  • 🧵 Darzi: kapde se border kaatna: (a − b)².
  • 🏞️ Park ka raasta: bade square park mein andar ka square ghaas: raasta = a² − b².
  • 🛒 Bazaar: ₹48 × 52 cheezein = 2500 − 4 = ₹2496.
  • 🖼️ Frame: 30 cm frame, andar 26 cm photo: frame ka area 30² − 26² = 56 × 4 = 224.
  • 🧮 Competitive exams: 997², 1003 × 997 jaise sawaal second mein.

Frame wala sawaal dekho: 900 − 676 lamba hisaab, par 56 × 4 turant! Yahi a² − b² ki taakat.

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🧭 Kab Use Karein, Kab Nahi

SituationKya kareinKyun
Square, gol se neeche✅ (a − b)²89 = 90 − 1
Square, gol se upar✅ (a + b)²71 = 70 + 1
Do number, barabar door✅ a² − b²67 × 73
Square koi bhi✅ Sridhara: (a + b)(a − b) + b²Gol bracket banao
Farak of squares✅ (a + b)(a − b)Ring/frame area

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❌→✅ Worked Mistake

Sawaal: (7 − y)² kholo.

❌ Galat: 49 − y². Ya 49 − 14y − y².

✅ Sahi: 49 − 14y + y². Check: y = 2: 5² = 25; 49 − 28 + 4 = 25 ✅ (galat wale 45 aur 17 dete)

Doosri common galti: (a − b)² aur a² − b² ko ek samajhna. 5² − 3² = 16, par (5 − 3)² = 4.

🧠 Rule of thumb: (−b)² hamesha +b²: (a − b)² ka aakhri term plus; sirf beech wala minus.

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📝 10 MCQs

Q1. (a − b)² = ?

(a) a² − b²
(b) a² − 2ab + b²
(c) a² − 2ab − b²
(d) a² + b²
Solution dekho

Sahi jawab: (b)

  • (a) galat: Yeh to (a + b)(a − b) hai.
  • (b) sahi: Kona wapas joda: + b² ✅
  • (c) galat: (−b)² = +b², minus nahi.
  • (d) galat: Beech ka −2ab bhool gaye.

Q2. 79² = ?

(a) 6241
(b) 6400
(c) 6161
(d) 6319
Solution dekho

Sahi jawab: (a)

  • (a) sahi: 6400 − 160 + 1 = 6241 ✅
  • (b) galat: Yeh 80² hai, 79² nahi.
  • (c) galat: +1 ki jagah −79 kar diya.
  • (d) galat: Ghataav ka hisaab galat.

Q3. 56 × 64 = ?

(a) 3584
(b) 3600
(c) 3536
(d) 3616
Solution dekho

Sahi jawab: (a)

  • (a) sahi: 60² − 4² = 3600 − 16 ✅
  • (b) galat: 16 ghataana bhool gaye.
  • (c) galat: Ghataav galat kiya, isliye yeh galat.
  • (d) galat: Ghataana tha, jodna nahi.

Q4. (b − a)² vs (a − b)²?

(a) Barabar
(b) Pehla bada
(c) Doosra bada
(d) Pata nahi
Solution dekho

Sahi jawab: (a)

  • (a) sahi: −(a − b) ka square same ✅
  • (b) galat: Square mein sign gayab hota.
  • (c) galat: Square mein sign gayab hota.
  • (d) galat: Algebra se saaf pata chalta.

Q5. 12² − 8² = ?

(a) 80
(b) 16
(c) 4
(d) 208
Solution dekho

Sahi jawab: (a)

  • (a) sahi: (12 + 8)(12 − 8) = 20 × 4 ✅
  • (b) galat: 16 to (12 − 8)² hai, isliye yeh galat.
  • (c) galat: 4 to sirf farak hai, isliye yeh galat.
  • (d) galat: 208 to jod hai, farak nahi.

Q6. Sridhara se 52²?

(a) 54 × 50 + 4
(b) 52 × 50 + 2
(c) 50² + 2
(d) 54 × 50 − 4
Solution dekho

Sahi jawab: (a)

  • (a) sahi: (52 + 2)(52 − 2) + 2² ✅
  • (b) galat: Yeh identity nahi banti.
  • (c) galat: 2ab bhool gaye, isliye yeh galat.
  • (d) galat: b² jodna tha, ghataana nahi.

Q7. (3x − 4)² = ?

(a) 9x² − 24x + 16
(b) 9x² − 16
(c) 9x² − 12x + 16
(d) 3x² − 24x + 16
Solution dekho

Sahi jawab: (a)

  • (a) sahi: Sahi jawab: (3x)² − 2·3x·4 + 16 ✅
  • (b) galat: Beech ka −24x bhool gaye.
  • (c) galat: 2 × 3x × 4 = 24x hota.
  • (d) galat: (3x)² = 9x², 3x² nahi.

Q8. 2(a² + b²) = ?

(a) (a + b)² + (a − b)²
(b) (a + b)²
(c) (a − b)²
(d) a² − b²
Solution dekho

Sahi jawab: (a)

  • (a) sahi: 2ab aur −2ab kat jaate ✅
  • (b) galat: Isme 2ab bachta hai, isliye yeh galat.
  • (c) galat: Isme −2ab bachta hai, isliye yeh galat.
  • (d) galat: Yeh to farak hai, isliye yeh galat.

Q9. 15 ko a² − b² mein (positive integers)?

(a) 8² − 7² ya 4² − 1²
(b) Namumkin
(c) 5² − 10
(d) Sirf 4² − 1²
Solution dekho

Sahi jawab: (a)

  • (a) sahi: Sahi jawab: 15 × 1 aur 5 × 3 se ✅
  • (b) galat: Odd number hamesha ban jaata.
  • (c) galat: 10 square nahi hai, isliye yeh galat.
  • (d) galat: 8² − 7² bhi chalta hai.

Q10. Frame 20 cm, photo 16 cm: frame area?

(a) 144
(b) 16
(c) 400
(d) 256
Solution dekho

Sahi jawab: (a)

  • (a) sahi: Sahi jawab: 36 × 4 = 144 ✅
  • (b) galat: 16 to (20 − 16)² hai, isliye yeh galat.
  • (c) galat: 400 to poora square hai.
  • (d) galat: 256 to sirf photo hai.

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❓ FAQs (Bachchon Ke Asli Sawaal)

1. (a − b)² ke liye alag formula yaad karna padega?

Nahi: (a + b)² mein b ki jagah −b daalo. Bas.

2. a² − b² ka chitra?

a² mein se kone ka b² hatao; bache L ko kaat ke (a + b) × (a − b) rectangle banao.

3. Kaunse numbers do squares ka farak ban sakte?

Har odd number aur har 4 ka multiple. 2, 6, 10 (4k + 2) nahi.

4. Kya fractions pe bhi?

Haan, identities har number pe: (1/2 + 1/3)² bhi.

5. Sridharacharya kaun?

Lagbhag 750 CE ke Bharatiya ganitagya; Patiganita aur Trishatika ke lekhak.

6. Aage kya?

Algebra ki galtiyaan pakadna aur sudhaarna: Post 6 — Algebra Ki Galti Pakdo.

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🏋️ Practice Zone (12 Sawaal)

Q1. Easy (x − 3)² kholo.

Solution dekho

x² − 6x + 9. Check: x = 5 → 4 ✅

Q2. Easy 39²?

Solution dekho

1600 − 80 + 1 = 1521. Check ✅

Q3. Easy 23 × 17?

Solution dekho

400 − 9 = 391. Check ✅

Q4. Easy (y + 6)(y − 6)?

Solution dekho

y² − 36. Check: y = 7 → 13 ✅

Q5. Medium (4a − 3b)² kholo.

Solution dekho

16a² − 24ab + 9b². Check: a = b = 1 → 1 ✅

Q6. Medium 994²?

Solution dekho

1000000 − 12000 + 36 = 988036. Check ✅

Q7. Medium 1005 × 995?

Solution dekho

1000000 − 25 = 999975. Check ✅

Q8. Medium 29² − 21²?

Solution dekho

50 × 8 = 400. Check: 841 − 441 ✅

Q9. NCERT style Sridhara se 86²?

Solution dekho

90 × 82 + 16 = 7380 + 16 = 7396. Check ✅

Q10. NCERT style (2a − 1/2)² kholo.

Solution dekho

4a² − 2a + 1/4. Check: a = 1 → 9/4 ✅

Q11. NCERT style (x + y)² − (x − y)²?

Solution dekho

4xy. Check: x = 3, y = 1 → 16 − 4 ✅

Q12. NCERT style (6n + 1)² − (6n − 1)² hamesha kiska multiple?

Solution dekho

24n → 24. Check: n = 1 → 49 − 25 = 24 ✅

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🧠 HOTS (Sochne Wale Sawaal)

Q1. Teen lagaataar numbers: beech ka square − baaki do ka guna?

Solution dekho

n² − (n − 1)(n + 1) = 1 hamesha. Check: 6² − 5 × 7 = 1 ✅

Q2. Kya 30 do squares ka farak?

Solution dekho

30 = 4k + 2 → nahi: (a + b)(a − b) mein dono factor same parity, to guna odd ya 4 ka multiple. Check ✅

Q3. (a − b)(a + b)(a² + b²)?

Solution dekho

a⁴ − b⁴. Check: a = 2, b = 1 → 15 ✅

Q4. Square park 50 m, andar chaaron taraf 2 m raasta. Raasta ka area?

Solution dekho

50² − 46² = 96 × 4 = 384 m². Check ✅

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🏆 Olympiad Corner

Q1. 2025² − 2024²?

Solution dekho

4049.

Q2. 101² − 99²?

Solution dekho

400.

Q3. a − b = 3, ab = 10: a² + b²?

Solution dekho

9 + 20 = 29.

Q4. 1 se 100 mein kitne numbers do squares (0² bhi chalega) ka farak nahi ban sakte?

Solution dekho

4k + 2 wale → 25.

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💗 CharuMam Motivation

Iqbal chacha ka kone ka tukda aapke dimaag mein reh gaya to (a − b)² kabhi galat nahi hoga. Chitra = saboot = yaad! ✂️

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🟢 Master Recap

  • 💡 Chaabi: a² mein se do pattiyaan (a × b) kaato to kone ka b × b tukda do baar kat jaata, isliye ek baar wapas jodo: (a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b². Aur jod × farak mein pattiyaan kat jaati: (a + b)(a − b) = a² − b².
  • (a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b².
  • Kona do baar kata → ek baar wapas.
  • (a + b)(a − b) = a² − b².
  • Sridhara: a² = (a + b)(a − b) + b².
  • (a + b)² + (a − b)² = 2(a² + b²).
  • (a − b)² = (b − a)².

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👉 Aage Kya?

Algebra ki aam galtiyaan pakdo aur sudhaaro: Post 6 — Algebra Ki Galti Pakdo.

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