✅ Pehle Yeh Aata Hai?
Yeh post shuru karne se pehle, in teen sawaalon ko 1 minute mein khud try kijiye:
- Ek value 60 se 75 ho gayi. Kitne percent badhi?
- ₹500 ko 12% ghatao. Kitna bacha?
- Kisi value ko 0.85 se guna karne ka matlab kya hai?
Answers dekho
- Increase = 75 − 60 = 15. 15/60 × 100 = 1/4 × 100 = 25% badhi.
- 500 ka 12% = 60. 500 − 60 = ₹440 (ya 500 × 0.88 = 440).
- 0.85 = 85%, yaani nayi value original ki 85% hai, matlab 15% decrease.
Teeno sahi? Badhiya, aage chaliye! Koi galat hua? Koi baat nahi, Post 8 — Percentage Increase aur Decrease ek baar dekh lijiye, phir yahan wapas aaiye.
— 📌 charumam.com
🎬 Kahani: Gupta Uncle Ki Sports Dukaan
Gupta Uncle ki sports ki dukaan hai. Pichhle hafte unhone ek cricket bat ₹1,200 mein khareeda aur ₹1,440 mein becha. Ek football ₹400 mein khareedi aur ₹500 mein bechi.
Unka beta Bunty bola, “Papa, bat wala saude mein ₹240 bache, football mein sirf ₹100. Bat hi best deal tha!”
Gupta Uncle muskuraaye, “Beta, bat mein maine ₹1,200 lagaaye the, football mein sirf ₹400. Dekhna yeh chahiye ki jitna paisa lagaya, us pe kitna kamaaya.” 🤔
Yeh to bilkul Post 8 wali baat hai: badlaav ko shuruaati value se naapo! Aaj seekhenge Profit aur Loss, aur Bunty ka sawaal bhi suljhayenge. 😉
— 📌 charumam.com
📖 Concept: Kharida Kitne Mein, Becha Kitne Mein?
Step 1: Do naye shabd: CP aur SP
- Cost Price (CP) / Kharid Mulya: jis keemat pe dukaandaar ne cheez khareedi. Bat ka CP = ₹1,200.
- Selling Price (SP) / Bikri Mulya: jis keemat pe usne cheez bechi. Bat ka SP = ₹1,440.
WHY yeh naam zaroori hain? Har profit-loss sawaal mein yahi do keematein hoti hain. Pehle saaf likh lo kaun CP hai aur kaun SP, phir galti ki gunjaaish kam ho jaati hai.
Step 2: Profit hua ya Loss?
- SP > CP → Profit (laabh) = SP − CP. Bat: 1,440 − 1,200 = ₹240 profit.
- SP < CP → Loss (haani) = CP − SP. Jaise ₹500 ka phone cover ₹450 mein bikaa: 500 − 450 = ₹50 loss.
- SP = CP → na profit, na loss.
WHY? Agar bechne pe zyada paisa wapas aaya jitna lagaya tha, to faayda hua. Kam aaya, to nuksaan. Badi value mein se chhoti ghatate hain taaki profit ya loss ek positive number rahe, aur shabd (“profit” ya “loss”) direction batata hai.
Step 3: Profit % aur Loss % hamesha CP pe
Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100
Loss % = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100
- Bat: 240/1,200 × 100 = 20% profit
- Football: Profit = 500 − 400 = 100. 100/400 × 100 = 25% profit
WHY CP se divide? Dukaandaar ka paisa CP pe lagaa tha, wahi uski shuruaat hai. Post 8 mein humne seekha tha ki base hamesha original value hoti hai. Yahan original = CP, new = SP. Matlab profit % asal mein CP se SP tak ka percentage increase hi hai, aur loss % percentage decrease!
Bunty ka faisla: 25% > 20%, isliye football wala saude behtar tha, bhale hi rupayon mein bat se zyada (₹240) mila. Gupta Uncle sahi the! ✅
Step 4: Ulta sawaal: CP aur profit % pata hai, SP nikaalo
“Ek bag ₹600 mein khareeda. 15% profit pe bechna hai. SP kya rakhein?”
- CP ka 15% = 600 × 15/100 = ₹90 (yeh profit hai)
- SP = CP + Profit = 600 + 90 = ₹690
Multiplier se (Post 8 wala shortcut): 100% + 15% = 115% → SP = 600 × 1.15 = ₹690.
Agar 15% loss hota: SP = 600 × 0.85 = ₹510 (yaani 600 − 90).
WHY? “15% profit” ka matlab hai CP ka 15% upar mila. Isliye pehle CP ka 15% nikaala, phir joda (profit) ya ghataya (loss).
Step 5: Upar ka kharcha (overhead) bhi CP mein judta hai
Raju bhaiya ne ek purani cycle ₹2,500 mein khareedi, us pe ₹500 repair aur paint mein lagaaye, phir ₹3,450 mein bechi.
- Asli CP = 2,500 + 500 = ₹3,000
- Profit = 3,450 − 3,000 = ₹450
- Profit % = 450/3,000 × 100 = 15%
WHY repair ko CP mein joda? Cheez ko bechne layak banane mein jo bhi paisa laga (repair, transport, packing), woh bhi dukaandaar ki jeb se gaya. Isliye kul lagaaya paisa hi asli CP hai.
— 📌 charumam.com
🔐 Deep Concept: Profit Ko SP Se Kyun Nahi Naapte?
Ek dukaandaar ne pen box ₹400 mein khareeda aur ₹500 mein becha. Profit = ₹100.
| Kis pe naapa | Hisaab | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| CP (₹400) pe ✅ | 100/400 × 100 | 25% |
| SP (₹500) pe ❌ | 100/500 × 100 | 20% |
Same ₹100, par base badalte hi jawab badal gaya! Profit % ka rule hai: CP pe. Isliye sahi jawab 25% hai.
Ek gehri baat: 25% profit pe SP = 500 mila. Ab agar koi kahe, “500 mein se 25% ghata do, CP mil jaayega”, to 500 × 0.75 = 375 aata hai, ₹400 nahi! ❌ WHY? Kyunki 25% CP ka tha, SP ka nahi. SP se wapas CP pe jaana ho to yaad rakho: SP = CP ka 125%. To CP = 500 ÷ 1.25 = ₹400 ✅.
Golden rule: Profit-loss mein CP hi “100%” hai. SP ko hamesha CP ke percent mein socho: 20% profit → SP = CP ka 120%, 10% loss → SP = CP ka 90%.
sirf charumam.com readers ke liye 🔐
✏️ Solved Examples
Example 1 (Easy): Ek stationery wale ne colour pencils ka box ₹120 mein khareeda aur ₹150 mein becha. Profit % kitna hua?
CP = 120, SP = 150 → SP bada hai, to profit.
Profit = 150 − 120 = ₹30
Profit % = 30/120 × 100 = 1/4 × 100 = 25%
WHY sahi hai? Check: 120 ka 25% = 30, aur 120 + 30 = 150 ✅. Humne CP (120) se divide kiya kyunki paisa CP pe laga tha.
📌 charumam.com
Example 2 (Medium): Raju bhaiya ne purani cycle ₹2,500 mein khareedi, ₹500 repair pe kharch kiye, aur ₹3,450 mein bechi. Profit ya loss? Kitne percent?
Asli CP = 2,500 + 500 = ₹3,000. SP = ₹3,450 → SP > CP, to profit.
Profit = 3,450 − 3,000 = ₹450. Profit % = 450/3,000 × 100 = 15%.
WHY sahi hai? Check: 3,000 × 1.15 = 3,450 ✅. Agar repair bhool jaate to profit 950 aur 38% aata, jo galat hai, kyunki repair ka ₹500 bhi Raju bhaiya ki jeb se gaya tha.
📌 charumam.com
Example 3 (NCERT style): Ek sabzi wale ne 50 kg tamatar ₹30 prati kg ke bhaav se khareede. 5 kg tamatar kharab ho gaye. Baaki tamatar usne ₹36 prati kg bech diye. Use profit hua ya loss, aur kitne percent?
CP = 50 × 30 = ₹1,500 (poore 50 kg ka paisa diya tha).
Bechne ke liye bache = 50 − 5 = 45 kg. SP = 45 × 36 = ₹1,620.
Profit = 1,620 − 1,500 = ₹120. Profit % = 120/1,500 × 100 = 8%.
WHY sahi hai? Kharab tamatar ka paisa bhi CP mein hai (woh khareede to gaye the), par SP sirf bache hue 45 kg ka mila. Check: 1,500 ka 8% = 120 ✅.
📌 charumam.com
Ab Bunty bhi expert: Profit % hamesha CP pe! 🎉
— 📌 charumam.com
🏠 Real Life Mein Profit aur Loss
- 🍋 School mela stall: Nimbu-paani ka saamaan ₹600 ka, 90 glass ₹10 mein beche = ₹900. Profit = 300, Profit % = 300/600 × 100 = 50%.
- 📱 Purana phone bechna: ₹12,000 ka phone 2 saal baad ₹9,000 mein bika. Loss = 3,000, Loss % = 3,000/12,000 × 100 = 25%.
- 🥔 Sabzi wala: 20 kg aaloo ₹25 prati kg = ₹500 mein liye, ₹30 prati kg = ₹600 mein beche. Profit % = 100/500 × 100 = 20%.
- 🌾 Kisan: Beej, khaad, paani, mazdoori sab milake kharcha hi CP hai. Fasal ka daam SP.
- 🚚 Dukaandaar ka transport: Maal dukaan tak laane ka kiraya bhi CP mein judta hai.
Har jagah ek hi soch: (Profit ya Loss ÷ CP) × 100.
— 📌 charumam.com
🧭 Kab Use Karein, Kab Nahi
| Situation | Kya karein | Kyun |
|---|---|---|
| CP aur SP diye hain, “profit/loss %” poocha | ✅ (Profit ya Loss ÷ CP) × 100 | Paisa CP pe laga tha, wahi base hai |
| CP aur profit/loss % diye hain, SP poocha | ✅ CP ka p% nikaalo aur jodo/ghatao, ya × (100 ± p)/100 | Profit/loss CP ka hi percent hai |
| Repair, transport jaisa upar ka kharcha | ✅ Pehle CP mein jodo | Woh bhi lagaaya hua paisa hai |
| Sirf “kitne rupaye kamaaye” poocha | ❌ Percentage nahi, seedha SP − CP | Sawaal rakam maang raha hai, dar nahi |
| Profit ko SP se divide karna | ❌ Kabhi nahi (jab tak sawaal khud na kahe) | Base hamesha CP hota hai |
— 📌 charumam.com
❌→✅ Worked Mistake
Sawaal: Sameer bhaiya ne ek second-hand mobile ₹8,000 mein khareeda, ₹500 mein uski screen badlwaayi, aur ₹9,350 mein bech diya. Profit % kitna hua?
❌ Galat: “Profit = 9,350 − 8,000 = 1,350. Profit % = 1,350/8,000 × 100 = 16.875%.”
Galti kya hai? Screen ka ₹500 bhool gaye! Woh paisa bhi bechne se pehle laga tha, isliye woh CP ka hissa hai.
✅ Sahi:
- Asli CP = 8,000 + 500 = ₹8,500
- Profit = 9,350 − 8,500 = ₹850
- Profit % = 850/8,500 × 100 = 10%
Check karne ka tareeka: 8,500 × 1.10 = 9,350 ✅. Galat jawab ke saath check: 8,000 × 1.16875 = 9,350 to aata hai, par usmein ₹500 ka kharcha gayab hai, isliye asli kamaai ₹1,350 nahi, sirf ₹850 hai.
Yaad rakho: CP = cheez ki keemat + usko bechne layak banane ka saara kharcha.
sirf charumam.com pe milenge!
📝 10 MCQs
Q1. Profit % ya Loss % kis keemat pe nikaala jaata hai?
Solution dekho
Sahi jawab: (b)
- (a) galat: SP baad wali keemat hai, paisa us pe nahi laga tha.
- (b) sahi: paisa CP pe laga tha, isliye Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100.
- (c) galat: profit ÷ profit = 1 hamesha, isse kuch pata nahi chalta.
- (d) galat: 100 se guna karte hain, par divide CP se hota hai.
Q2. Ek game ₹250 mein khareeda aur ₹300 mein becha. Profit % kitna?
Solution dekho
Sahi jawab: (c)
- (a) galat: 50 to profit ki rakam (₹50) hai, percent nahi.
- (b) galat: 50/300 × 100 = 16 2/3 %, yaani SP se divide kar diya.
- (c) sahi: Profit = 300 − 250 = 50. 50/250 × 100 = 20%. Check: 250 × 1.2 = 300 ✅
- (d) galat: 300/250 × 100 = 120% batata hai ki SP, CP ka 120% hai. Profit to 120% − 100% = 20% hi hai.
Q3. Ek cycle ₹800 mein khareedi aur ₹680 mein bechi. Kya hua?
Solution dekho
Sahi jawab: (a)
- (a) sahi: SP < CP, to loss. Loss = 800 − 680 = 120. 120/800 × 100 = 15%.
- (b) galat: SP, CP se kam hai, isliye profit ho hi nahi sakta.
- (c) galat: 120/680 × 100 ≈ 17.65%, yaani SP se divide kar diya.
- (d) galat: 680/800 = 85% batata hai ki SP, CP ka 85% hai. Loss to 100% − 85% = 15% hai.
Q4. CP = ₹600 aur profit 15% hai. SP kya hoga?
Solution dekho
Sahi jawab: (b)
- (a) galat: 15% ki jagah sirf ₹15 jod diye.
- (b) sahi: 600 ka 15% = 90. SP = 600 + 90 = ₹690. (Ya 600 × 1.15 = 690.)
- (c) galat: yeh 15% loss pe aata (600 − 90).
- (d) galat: ₹90 sirf profit hai, SP nahi.
Q5. Ek dukaandaar ne ₹1,500 ki ghadi 8% loss pe bechi. SP kya hai?
Solution dekho
Sahi jawab: (a)
- (a) sahi: 1,500 ka 8% = 120. SP = 1,500 − 120 = ₹1,380. (Ya 1,500 × 0.92 = 1,380.)
- (b) galat: ₹120 jod diye, jabki loss hua hai.
- (c) galat: 8% ki jagah sirf ₹8 ghataaye.
- (d) galat: ₹120 to loss ki rakam hai, SP nahi.
Q6. Agar SP aur CP barabar hon, to kya hoga?
Solution dekho
Sahi jawab: (c)
- (a) galat: profit ke liye SP, CP se zyada hona chahiye.
- (b) galat: loss ke liye SP, CP se kam hona chahiye.
- (c) sahi: SP − CP = 0. Jitna lagaya, utna hi wapas aaya.
- (d) galat: 100% profit tab hota jab SP, CP ka double ho.
Q7. Ek purani almari ₹3,000 mein khareedi, ₹600 polish pe lagaaye, aur ₹4,500 mein bechi. Profit % kitna hua?
Solution dekho
Sahi jawab: (b)
- (a) galat: polish ka kharcha bhool gaye: 1,500/3,000 × 100 = 50%.
- (b) sahi: Asli CP = 3,000 + 600 = 3,600. Profit = 4,500 − 3,600 = 900. 900/3,600 × 100 = 25%.
- (c) galat: 900/4,500 × 100 = 20%, yaani SP se divide kiya.
- (d) galat: 900/3,000 × 100 = 30%, profit to sahi nikaala par CP mein polish nahi joda.
Q8. Saudaa A: CP ₹200, SP ₹250. Saudaa B: CP ₹500, SP ₹600. Kaunsa saudaa behtar hai?
Solution dekho
Sahi jawab: (a)
- (a) sahi: A: 50/200 × 100 = 25%. B: 100/500 × 100 = 20%. 25% > 20%.
- (b) galat: sirf rupaye compare kiye, lagaaya hua paisa (CP) ignore kiya.
- (c) galat: 25% aur 20% barabar nahi.
- (d) galat: B ka profit 20% hi hai, jo A ke 25% se kam hai.
Q9. 20% profit chahiye. SP nikaalne ke liye CP ko kis number se guna karein?
Solution dekho
Sahi jawab: (c)
- (a) galat: × 0.2 se sirf profit ki rakam milti hai, SP nahi.
- (b) galat: 0.8 = 80%, yeh 20% loss ka multiplier hai.
- (c) sahi: SP = CP ka 100% + 20% = 120% = 1.2. Jaise CP ₹450 → SP = 450 × 1.2 = ₹540.
- (d) galat: × 2 matlab SP, CP ka double, yaani 100% profit.
Q10. Ek phal wale ne 12 kele ₹48 mein khareede aur har kela ₹5 mein becha. Profit % kitna?
Solution dekho
Sahi jawab: (b)
- (a) galat: 12/60 × 100 = 20%, yaani kul SP (₹60) se divide kiya.
- (b) sahi: Ek kele ka CP = 48 ÷ 12 = ₹4, SP = ₹5. Profit = ₹1. 1/4 × 100 = 25%. (Kul: SP = 60, Profit = 12, 12/48 × 100 = 25% ✅)
- (c) galat: 12 to kul profit ki rakam (₹12) hai, percent nahi.
- (d) galat: ₹1 ek kele ka profit hai, percent nahi.
— 📌 charumam.com
❓ FAQs (Bachchon Ke Asli Sawaal)
1. Profit % CP pe hi kyun, SP pe kyun nahi?
Kyunki dukaandaar ne paisa CP pe lagaya tha. Sawaal asal mein yeh hai: “jitna lagaya, us pe kitna kamaaya?” Deep Concept mein dekha: ₹400 ke saamaan pe ₹100 profit, CP pe 25% hai, par SP pe naapo to 20% aata. Dono alag sawaalon ke jawab hain, aur profit % ka matlab hamesha CP waala hai.
2. Repair, transport ka kharcha CP mein kyun jodte hain?
Kyunki woh paisa bhi dukaandaar ki jeb se gaya, aur uske bina cheez bik hi nahi sakti thi. Agar use bhool jaayein, to profit asli se zyada dikhega (Worked Mistake mein 16.875% dikha, jabki asli 10% tha). Sahi hisaab ke liye kul lagaaya paisa = CP.
3. Kya profit 100% se zyada ho sakta hai? Aur loss?
Profit ho sakta hai: ₹50 ki cheez ₹150 mein biki to profit = 100/50 × 100 = 200%. Par loss 100% se zyada nahi ho sakta, kyunki 100% loss matlab SP = 0, yaani cheez muft mein de di. Isse kam SP (minus mein) hota hi nahi.
4. Jis saude mein zyada rupaye mile, kya wahi behtar hai?
Zaroori nahi! Bunty ki kahani yaad karo: bat pe ₹240 mile (20%), football pe ₹100 (25%). ₹1,200 ki jagah ₹400 lagaakar 25% kamaana zyada samajhdaari hai. Do saudon ki tulna profit % se karo, jaise Post 7 mein alag-alag totals ki tulna percentage se ki thi.
5. Profit % aur percentage increase mein kya rishta hai?
Dono ek hi cheez hain! CP = original value, SP = new value. Profit % = CP se SP tak ka % increase, aur loss % = % decrease. Isliye Post 8 ka multiplier yahan bhi chalta hai: 15% profit → SP = CP × 1.15, 15% loss → SP = CP × 0.85.
6. Agar SP aur profit % diya ho, to CP kaise nikalein?
CP ko 100% maano. 20% profit pe SP = 120%. Jaise SP = ₹360 → 120% = 360 → 1% = 3 → CP = 100% = ₹300. Galti se 360 ka 20% ghata doge (360 − 72 = 288) to galat aayega, kyunki 20% CP ka tha, SP ka nahi. Check: 300 × 1.2 = 360 ✅.
— 📌 charumam.com
🏋️ Practice Zone (12 Sawaal)
Q1. Easy CP = ₹80, SP = ₹100. Profit % nikaalo.
Solution dekho
Profit = 100 − 80 = 20. Profit % = 20/80 × 100 = 1/4 × 100 = 25%.
Check: 80 ka 25% = 20, 80 + 20 = 100 ✅
Q2. Easy CP = ₹150, SP = ₹120. Profit hua ya loss? Kitne percent?
Solution dekho
SP < CP, to loss. Loss = 150 − 120 = 30. Loss % = 30/150 × 100 = 1/5 × 100 = 20%.
Check: 150 ka 20% = 30, 150 − 30 = 120 ✅
Q3. Easy CP = ₹400, profit 10%. SP kya hai?
Solution dekho
400 ka 10% = 40 (Post 4 wali trick: 10 se divide). SP = 400 + 40 = ₹440.
Q4. Easy CP = ₹250, loss 4%. SP kya hai?
Solution dekho
250 ka 4% = 250 × 4/100 = 10. SP = 250 − 10 = ₹240.
Multiplier se: 250 × 0.96 = 240 ✅
Q5. Medium Ek dukaandaar ne 30 notebooks ₹20 prati notebook ke bhaav se khareedi aur ₹25 prati notebook bechi. Profit %?
Solution dekho
CP = 30 × 20 = ₹600. SP = 30 × 25 = ₹750. Profit = 150.
Profit % = 150/600 × 100 = 25%.
Shortcut: Ek notebook pe profit = 5, 5/20 × 100 = 25%. Har notebook pe same profit %, isliye kul pe bhi wahi ✅.
Q6. Medium Ek purana scooter ₹24,000 mein khareeda, ₹1,000 repair pe lagaaye, aur ₹23,000 mein becha. Profit ya loss? Kitne percent?
Solution dekho
Asli CP = 24,000 + 1,000 = ₹25,000. SP = ₹23,000 < CP, to loss.
Loss = 2,000. Loss % = 2,000/25,000 × 100 = 8%.
Q7. Medium Ek jacket ka CP ₹1,250 hai. Dukaandaar 12% profit kamaana chahta hai. SP kitna rakhe?
Solution dekho
1,250 ka 12% = 1,250 × 12/100 = 150. SP = 1,250 + 150 = ₹1,400.
Multiplier se: 1,250 × 1.12 = 1,400 ✅
Q8. Medium Ek phal wale ne 100 aam ₹20 prati aam khareede. 10 aam sad gaye. Baaki aam ₹25 prati aam beche. Profit %?
Solution dekho
CP = 100 × 20 = ₹2,000 (sade hue aam ka paisa bhi diya tha).
Bechne ke liye bache = 90 aam. SP = 90 × 25 = ₹2,250. Profit = 250.
Profit % = 250/2,000 × 100 = 12.5%.
Q9. NCERT style Ek TV ₹15,000 mein khareeda aur ₹13,800 mein becha. Loss % nikaalo.
Solution dekho
Loss = 15,000 − 13,800 = ₹1,200. Loss % = 1,200/15,000 × 100 = 8%.
Check: 15,000 × 0.92 = 13,800 ✅
Q10. NCERT style Ek dukaandaar 2 darjan ande ₹6 prati anda khareedta hai aur ₹7 prati anda bechta hai. Profit % kitna hai?
Solution dekho
2 darjan = 24 ande. CP = 24 × 6 = ₹144. SP = 24 × 7 = ₹168. Profit = ₹24.
Profit % = 24/144 × 100 = 1/6 × 100 = 16 2/3 % (lagbhag 16.67%).
Check (ek ande pe): 1/6 × 100 = 16 2/3 % ✅
Q11. NCERT style Ek kisan ne fasal ugaane mein (beej, khaad, paani, mazdoori) kul ₹40,000 kharch kiye. Fasal ₹46,000 mein biki. Profit % kitna hua?
Solution dekho
CP = ₹40,000 (saara kharcha). Profit = 46,000 − 40,000 = ₹6,000.
Profit % = 6,000/40,000 × 100 = 15%.
Q12. NCERT style Ek almari ₹4,800 mein khareedi gayi. (i) 5% loss pe bechi jaaye to SP? (ii) 5% profit pe bechi jaaye to SP? (iii) Dono SP mein kitna farak hai?
Solution dekho
4,800 ka 5% = 240.
(i) SP = 4,800 − 240 = ₹4,560.
(ii) SP = 4,800 + 240 = ₹5,040.
(iii) Farak = 5,040 − 4,560 = ₹480 (yaani CP ka 10%, kyunki 5% neeche se 5% upar tak).
Answer Key — charumam.com exclusive
🧠 HOTS (Sochne Wale Sawaal)
Q1. Ek dukaandaar ne ek cheez ₹690 mein bechi aur use 15% profit hua. Rohan kehta hai, “CP = 690 − 690 ka 15% = 690 − 103.50 = ₹586.50.” Kya Rohan sahi hai? Sahi CP kya hai?
Solution dekho
Rohan galat hai. 15% profit CP pe tha, SP (₹690) pe nahi.
CP = 100% maano. SP = 115% = ₹690. 1% = 690 ÷ 115 = 6, to CP = 100% = ₹600.
Check: 600 ka 15% = 90, 600 + 90 = 690 ✅. Rohan ka ₹586.50 check karo: 586.50 × 1.15 = 674.475, ₹690 nahi. ❌
Q2. Ek pen ka CP ₹10 hai. Use kitne mein bechein ki 30% profit ho, aur kitne mein ki 30% loss ho? Dono SP ka farak CP ka kitna percent hai?
Solution dekho
30% profit: SP = 10 × 1.3 = ₹13. 30% loss: SP = 10 × 0.7 = ₹7.
Farak = 13 − 7 = ₹6. CP ka percent = 6/10 × 100 = 60%.
WHY 60%? Ek taraf CP se 30% upar, doosri taraf 30% neeche, to beech ka faasla 30% + 30% = 60% (dono CP ke hi percent hain, isliye jod sakte hain).
Q3. Riya kehti hai, “Maine ₹200 ka khilona 120% loss pe becha.” Kya aisa ho sakta hai?
Solution dekho
Nahi. 120% loss = 200 ka 120% = ₹240 ka loss. Tab SP = 200 − 240 = −₹40, yaani khilona dene ke saath kharidaar ko ₹40 bhi dene padte! Yeh bechna nahi hua.
WHY: Sabse zyada loss tab hota hai jab SP = 0 (muft de diya), aur woh 100% loss hai. Isliye loss % 100% se zyada nahi ho sakta.
Q4. Ek dukaandaar ko 8 pen bechkar utne paise milte hain, jitne mein usne 10 pen khareede the. Use profit % kitna hai?
Solution dekho
Maan lo ek pen ka CP = ₹1. To 10 pen ka CP = ₹10, aur yahi 8 pen ka SP hai.
8 pen ka CP = ₹8, SP = ₹10. Profit = 2. Profit % = 2/8 × 100 = 25%.
WHY ₹1 maan sakte hain? Jawab percent mein hai, aur percent CP ki asli value pe nirbhar nahi karta. Kisi bhi CP (jaise ₹5) se try karo: 8 pen ka CP = 40, SP = 50, profit = 10/40 = 25% ✅.
sirf charumam.com pe milenge!
🏆 Olympiad Corner
Q1. Ek nimbu wala 3 nimbu ₹10 mein khareedta hai aur 2 nimbu ₹10 mein bechta hai. Uska profit % kitna hai?
Solution dekho
Ek nimbu ka CP = 10/3 rupaye, SP = 10/2 = ₹5.
Profit = 5 − 10/3 = 5/3. Profit % = (5/3) ÷ (10/3) × 100 = 1/2 × 100 = 50%.
Aasaan tareeka: 6 nimbu lo (3 aur 2 ka LCM). CP = ₹20, SP = ₹30, Profit = 10/20 × 100 = 50% ✅.
Q2. Ek dukaandaar ne 40 kg chawal ₹45 prati kg aur 60 kg chawal ₹50 prati kg ke bhaav se khareede. Dono ko milaakar ₹54 prati kg bech diya. Profit % kitna hua?
Solution dekho
CP = 40 × 45 + 60 × 50 = 1,800 + 3,000 = ₹4,800.
SP = (40 + 60) × 54 = 100 × 54 = ₹5,400. Profit = ₹600.
Profit % = 600/4,800 × 100 = 12.5%.
Q3. A ne ek cycle B ko 20% profit pe bechi. B ne wahi cycle C ko 10% loss pe ₹2,700 mein bechi. A ne cycle kitne mein khareedi thi?
Solution dekho
B ka CP = 100%. 10% loss pe SP = 90% = ₹2,700 → 1% = 30 → B ka CP = ₹3,000.
B ka CP hi A ka SP hai. A ka CP = 100%, 20% profit pe SP = 120% = ₹3,000 → 1% = 25 → A ka CP = ₹2,500.
Check: 2,500 × 1.2 = 3,000, phir 3,000 × 0.9 = 2,700 ✅
Q4. Ek dukaandaar ne ₹2,000 ka maal khareeda. Aadha maal 20% profit pe aur baaki aadha 10% loss pe becha. Kul milaakar profit hua ya loss, aur kitne percent?
Solution dekho
Har aadhe ka CP = ₹1,000.
Pehla aadha: SP = 1,000 × 1.2 = ₹1,200. Doosra aadha: SP = 1,000 × 0.9 = ₹900.
Kul SP = 2,100, kul CP = 2,000. Profit = 100. Profit % = 100/2,000 × 100 = 5%.
WHY: Dono hisson ka CP barabar hai, isliye +20% aur −10% ka aadha-aadha asar: (20 − 10) ÷ 2 = 5% ✅.
sirf charumam.com readers ke liye 🔐
💗 CharuMam Motivation
Padhaai bhi ek saudaa hai. Aap jo mehnat aur samay lagaate ho, woh aapka CP hai. Jo samajh aur result milta hai, woh SP. Kabhi-kabhi kisi test mein “loss” lagta hai: itna padha, phir bhi marks kam aaye. 😔
Par yaad rakho, dukaandaar ek din ke loss se dukaan band nahi karta. Woh dekhta hai galti kahan hui (overhead bhool gaya? CP galat liya?) aur agli baar sudhaarta hai. Aap bhi apni galtiyon ko focus se dekho, mehnat jaari rakho, aur sabr rakho. Lagaaya hua samay kabhi bekaar nahi jaata, uska profit dheere-dheere zaroor milta hai! 🌟
— 📌 charumam.com
🟢 Master Recap
- CP = khareedne ki keemat, SP = bechne ki keemat.
- SP > CP → Profit = SP − CP. SP < CP → Loss = CP − SP. Barabar → na profit, na loss.
- Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100, Loss % = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100. Base hamesha CP, kabhi SP nahi.
- Profit % = CP se SP tak ka % increase, Loss % = % decrease (Post 8 wali hi soch).
- SP nikaalna: p% profit → SP = CP × (100 + p)/100, p% loss → SP = CP × (100 − p)/100.
- Repair, transport jaisa kharcha CP mein jodo.
- Bat (₹240, 20%) vs football (₹100, 25%): saudon ki tulna profit % se karo, rupayon se nahi.
- Hamesha ulta check: CP × (multiplier) = SP aana chahiye.
— charumam.com 🎯
👉 Aage Kya?
Ab aap kisi bhi saude ka profit aur loss percent mein nikaal sakte ho. Ab socho, jab aap dukaan se kuch khareedte ho to bill mein keemat ke upar ek aur percentage judta hai, GST! Woh kaise lagta hai? Yahi “kisi keemat ka percent jodo” wali soch agle post mein Tax (GST) mein kaam aayegi! 🚀
Koi doubt? CharuMam AI Tutor se poochho, ya comment mein likho! 💬